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Comprehensive understanding of CSS margin

高洛峰Original: 2017-02-16 13:36:231817browse

1. Margin can be negative

In the box model, the width/height, padding, and border of the content area cannot be negative, but margin is an exception, it can be negative.

I don’t know much about the skills of using negative margin values. I will add more when I have the opportunity in the future. Here is a classic application. The negative value of margin-left is combined with floating to achieve a fluid layout that does not change the DOM structure.

<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html>  
    <head>  
        <meta charset="utf-8">  
        <title>不改变DOM结构的流体布局</title>  
        <style>  
            .container {   
                width:600px;   
                margin-left: auto;   
                margin-right: auto;   
                background-color: orange;   
                font-size: 16px;   
                line-height: 1.5;   
            }   
  
            .box1 {   
                width:100%;   
                float:left;   
            }   
  
            .box2 {   
                margin-right: 220px;   
                padding-left: 20px;   
            }   
  
            img {   
                width:200px;   
                float:left;   
                margin-left:-200px;   
            }   
  
            .clearfix:after {   
                content: "";   
                display: table;   
                clear: both;   
            }   
  
            .clearfix {   
                *zoom: 1;   
            }   
  
        </style>  
    </head>  
    <body>  
        <div class="container clearfix">  
            <div class="box1">  
                <div class="box2">  
                <h3>不改变DOM位置的流体布局</h3>  
                <p>假如有一段文本和一幅图像，在DOM节点中，文本在前，图像在后，怎么能把图像定位到右边呢？</p>  
                <p>通常的做法是，调换DOM节点中图像与文本的位置，让图像在前，文本在后，然后将图像浮动到右边即可。</p>  
                <p>但这样改变DOM节点顺序始终不妥，还有什么更好的方法呢？</p>  
                <p>下面就介绍一种新的思路来完成布局。</p>  
                <ul>  
                    <li>将文本用div包起来，定义为box1；现在的结构是一个box1和一个img。</li>  
                    <li>将box1宽度设为100%，左浮动；将img设置一个宽度，也左浮动，然后margin-left设为负的宽度值；此时图像就定位到文本的右边啦。</li>  
                    <li>但是有一个问题，图像盖住了文本内容，这可怎么办？</li>  
                    <li>重点来了，在box1中增加一个box2，box2把文本全部包起来，然后margin-right设为图像的宽度（+额外的间距），这样就解决问题啦！</li>  
                </ul>  
                </div><!--关闭box2-->  
            </div><!--关闭box1-->  
            <img src="http://imgsrc.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=0c101fe665380cd7e61ea2e59145ad14/f9a3492762d0f7032de1758a08fa513d2797c542.jpg" alt="a picture" style="width:200px;height:300px" />  
        </div><!--关闭container-->  
    </body>  
</html>

2. The percentage value of margin

When the value of the margin attribute is a percentage, it is always calculated based on the width of the parent element.

Please take a look at the demo below, which tortured me for a long time. . . It's just that I found out too late, and it would make me cry if I talked about it too much. . .

<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html>  
    <head>  
        <meta charset="utf-8">  
        <title>margin的百分数值</title>  
        <style>  
            .container {   
                width: 500px;   
                height: 300px;   
                margin: 50px auto;   
                background-color: orange;   
                border: 1px solid black;   
            }   
  
            .box {   
                width: 250px;   
                height: 150px;   
                margin-left: auto;   
                margin-right: auto;   
                background-color: cyan;   
            }   
  
            .box1 {   
                margin-top: 75px;   
                margin-bottom: 75px;   
                padding: 5px;   
            }   
               
            .box2 {   
                margin-top: 25%;   
                margin-bottom: 25%;   
                padding: 5px;   
            }   
        </style>  
    </head>  
  
    <body>  
        <div class="container">  
            <div class="box box1">  
                <p>父元素的高度为300px，子元素的高度为150px，只要margin-top和margin-bottom都为75px，这个盒子就能垂直居中。</p>  
                <p>OK，居中啦！！！</p>  
            </div>  
        </div>  
        <div class="container">  
            <div class="box box2">  
                <p>既然子元素的高度是父元素高度的50%，那么只要margin-top和margin-bottom都为25%，应该也能垂直居中。</p>  
                <p>额，这什么鬼？说好的居中呢？</p>  
            </div>  
        </div>  
    </body>  
</html>

3. Merging of margins in the vertical direction

This problem often causes some confusion, but you only need to remember one sentence. Margins in the vertical direction will merge as long as they are in close contact. Only close contact will merge.

The merging of margins in the vertical direction is actually easy to understand if it occurs on adjacent elements; but if it occurs between a parent element and a child element, it is a little weird.

Let’s look at an example:

<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html>  
    <head>  
        <meta charset="utf-8">  
        <title>垂直方向上的margin合并</title>  
        <style>  
            .container {   
                width: 500px;   
                height: 300px;   
                margin: 50px auto;   
                background-color: orange;   
            }   
  
            .box {   
                width: 300px;   
                height: 200px;   
                margin-left: auto;   
                margin-right: auto;   
                background-color: cyan;   
                margin-top: 25px;   
                padding: 5px;   
            }   
  
            .border {   
                border: 1px solid black;   
                /*padding: 1px;*/   
            }   
        </style>  
    </head>  
  
    <body>  
        <div class="container">  
            <div class="box">  
                <p>父元素的margin-top为50px，子元素的margin-top为25px；</p>  
                <p>咦，子元素的margin-top呢？为什么都顶到父元素上边界了？</p>  
                <p>额，因为父元素与子元素的margin-top亲密接触了呀，所以它们合并在一起了啊。</p>  
            </div>  
        </div>  
        <div class="container border">  
            <div class="box">  
                <p>可是我就是想让子元素距离父元素的上边界25px啊，我不想让它们合并呀。</p>  
                <p>很简单，给父元素加个边框，它们就无法亲密接触了，就不会合并了啊。</p>  
                <p>或者给父元素设置padding也是可以的喔。</p>  
            </div>  
        </div>  
    </body>  
</html>

Methods to eliminate margin merging in the vertical direction: add a border or padding to the parent element to break the close contact between the margin of the parent element and the child element.

Margin merging rules:

<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html>  
    <head>  
        <meta charset="utf-8">  
        <title>margin合并规则</title>  
        <style>  
            .container {   
                width: 300px;   
                height: 500px;   
                margin: 50px;   
                background-color: orange;   
                float: left;   
                border: 1px solid black;   
            }   
  
            .box1,.box2,.box3,   
            .box4,.box5,.box6 {   
                width: 200px;   
                height: 150px;   
                margin: 30px auto;   
                background-color: cyan;   
                text-align: center;   
                line-height: 150px;   
            }   
  
            .box1 {   
                margin-bottom: 30px;   
            }   
  
            .box2 {   
                margin-top: 20px;   
            }   
  
            .box3 {   
                margin-bottom: 30px;   
            }   
  
            .box4 {   
                margin-top: -30px;   
            }   
  
            .box5 {   
                margin-bottom: -30px;   
            }   
  
            .box6 {   
                margin-top: -50px;   
                background-color: green;   
            }   
  
            p {   
                width: 220px;   
                margin:10px auto;   
                font-size: 16px;   
                line-height: 1.5;   
            }   
  
        </style>  
    </head>  
  
    <body>  
        <div class="container">  
            <div class="box1">box1</div>  
            <div class="box2">box2</div>  
            <p>box1的margin-bottom为30px，box2的margin-top为20px，两个margin都是正数，取绝对值大的。</p>    
        </div>  
        <div class="container">  
            <div class="box3">box3</div>  
            <div class="box4">box4</div>  
            <p>box3的margin-bottom为30px，box4的margin-top为-30px，两个margin一正一负，相加。</p>    
        </div>  
        <div class="container">  
            <div class="box5">box5</div>  
            <div class="box6">box6</div>  
            <p>box5的margin-bottom为-30px，box6的margin-top为-50px，两个margin都是负数，取绝对值大的。</p>    
        </div>  
    </body>  
</html>

1. Both margins are positive numbers, take the larger absolute value;

2. One margin is a positive number, and the other margin is Negative numbers, add;

3. Both margins are negative numbers, take the larger absolute value.

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