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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialLinux's practical implementation method of PS1 command prompt format in batch server management

这时,我们肯定会经常遇到这样一个困扰:操作服务器时因某事中断,回头继续操作的时候肯定会ifconfg确认下是否是我要操作的服务器,因为无法从表象识别。

所以,我们很有必要将这个PS1命令行提示符优化一下。每个运维攻城狮肯定都有自己的习惯,不过我还是推荐一个服务器批量管理中比较使用的PS1格式吧!

PS1是神马?PS1是linux里头的一个默认的环境变量,至于当前系统的PS1是如何设置的,你可以使用命令“env|grep PS1”来查看 。

其实PS1就是用来设置命令提示符格式的环境变量。

下面贴一下PS1的配置参数:

\d :代表日期,格式为weekday month date,例如:"Mon Aug 1"
\H :完整的主机名称。例如:我的机器名称为:fc4.linux,则这个名称就是fc4.linux
\h :仅取主机的第一个名字,如上例,则为fc4,.linux则被省略
\t :显示时间为24小时格式,如:HH:MM:SS
\T :显示时间为12小时格式
\A :显示时间为24小时格式:HH:MM
\u :当前用户的账号名称
\v :BASH的版本信息
\w :完整的工作目录名称。家目录会以 ~代替
\W :利用basename取得工作目录名称,所以只会列出最后一个目录
\# :下达的第几个命令
\$ :提示字符,如果是root时,提示符为:# ,普通用户则为:$

当然,为了更好的识别,我们还可以加入一些颜色设置,这个就不赘述了,百度一下shell颜色即可,当然记得参考下文的PS1进行自定义。

为了更好的区分服务器,我建议使用如下格式:

[username@ipaddress /pwd ]#|$
 
比如:
[root@192.168.1.1 /data/ ]

所以PS1可以如下设置:

export PS1='\[\e[32m\][\u@192.168.1.1:\[\e[m\]\[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[m\]\[\e[32m\]]\[\e[m\]\$ '

但是机器太多,这个IP总不能每次手动修改,所以还是写个脚本来修改吧!(当然,你也可以先获取IP,赋值变量加入到PS1)

脚本很简单:

#!/bin/sh
#########################################################################
#    Update PS1 like [root@192.168.1.113 /data]#    #
#########################################################################
#先判断网卡是否存在,我这边eth1是内网网卡
ifconfig eth1 >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? != 0 ]]
then
 echo 'interface eth1 not exsit!';
 exit 1
fi
#Centos/Redhat 7 ifconfig显示的结果不是 inet addr: 而是 inet 直接加IP,所以这里需要判断下:
function Get_eth1IP()
{
 if [[ $1 -eq 7 ]]
 then
  #for centos 7
  eth1_IP=$(ifconfig eth1 |awk '/inet / {print $2}'|awk '{print $1}')
 else
  eth1_IP=$(ifconfig eth1 |awk -F":" '/inet addr:/ {print $2}'|awk '{print $1}')
 fi
}
 
test -f /etc/redhat-release && grep 7 /etc/redhat-release >/dev/null 2>&1 && Get_eth1IP 7
test -f /etc/centos-release && grep 7 /etc/redhat-release >/dev/null 2>&1 && Get_eth1IP 7 || Get_eth1IP
 
echo $eth1_IP | grep -E "[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}" >/dev/null 2>&1
 
if [[ $? != 0 ]]
then
 echo 'eth1_IP is empty!'
 exit 1
fi
function Export()
{
 echo "export PS1='\[\e[32m\][\u@${eth1_IP}:\[\e[m\]\[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[m\]\[\e[32m\]]\[\e[m\]\\$ '">>${1} && \
 echo -e "\033[32m Update \033[0m \033[33m${1}\033[33m \033[32mSuccess! Please relogin your system for refresh... \033[0m"
}
 
function home_env()
{
 if [[ ! -z $1 ]]
 then
  home=$1
 else
  home=/root
 fi
 #有的用户可能会在家目录下自定义一些配置,即 .proflie这个隐藏文件,所以也需要更新
 test -f $home/.profile && (
  sed -i '/export PS1=/d' $home/.profile
  Export $home/.profile
  )
}
 
#获取当前用户id,如果是root组的则可以操作/etc/profile
userid=$(id | awk '{print $1}' | sed -e 's/=/ /' -e 's/(/ /' -e 's/)/ /'|awk '{print $2}')
if [[ $userid = 0 ]]
then
 #for all
 sed -i '/export PS1=/d' /etc/profile
 Export /etc/profile
 
 #for root
 home_env
 
 #如果其他用户需要修改,只要开启一下三行,并将other修改成用户名
 #id other >/dev/null 2>&1 && (
 # home_env ~other
 #)
else
 #for userself
 home_env ~
fi

   

好了,最后直接 source ./update_PS1.sh 即可看到效果:

Linuxs practical implementation method of PS1 command prompt format in batch server management

重新登陆或source /etc/profile,就可以看到效果了:

Linuxs practical implementation method of PS1 command prompt format in batch server management

这样设置之后,就能清晰的知道现在操作的是服务器是哪一台,而不至于混淆。

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