在我们的日常开发中,经常会对我们的密码进行加密,对于很多PHP开发者在最先接触PHP的时候,处理密码的首选加密函数可能就是MD5了,我当时就是这样的:
$password = md5($_POST["password"]);
MD5对密码加密的方式是最常见的加密方式,但是现在MD5的加密方式目前已经不太安全了,因为它的加密算法实在是显得有点简单了,而且很多破解密码的站点都存放了很多经过MD5
加密的密码字符串,所以这里我是非常不提倡还在单单使用MD5来加密用户的密码的。
那么除了我们的md5对密码加密,小编今天就给各位看官收集一些PHP中其他的几种加密方式
一. SHA256 和 SHA512
其实跟前面的MD5同期的还有一个SHA1加密方式的,不过也是算法比较简单,所以这里就不介绍了。而这里即将要说到的SHA256 和 SHA512都是来自于SHA2家族的加密函数,看名字
可能你就猜的出来了,这两个加密方式分别生成256和512比特长度的 hash字串。
他们的使用方法如下:
$password = hash("sha256", $password);
PHP内置了hash()函数,你只需要将加密方式传给hash()函数就好了。你可以直接指明sha256, sha512, md5, sha1等加密方式。
二. 盐值
在加密的过程,我们还有一个非常常见的东西:盐值。对,我们在加密的时候其实会给加密的字符串添加一个额外的字符串,以达到提高一定安全的目的,并且盐值要记录下来,方便以后
的比对:
function generateHashWithSalt($password) { $intermediateSalt = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); $salt = substr($intermediateSalt, 0, 6); return hash("sha256", $password . $salt); }
三. Bcrypt
Bcrypt不失为一种比较不错的加密方式了,但是后面介绍的 Hashing API更好。
function generateHash($password) { if (defined("CRYPT_BLOWFISH") && CRYPT_BLOWFISH) { $salt = '$2y$11$' . substr(md5(uniqid(rand(), true)), 0, 22); return crypt($password, $salt); } }
Bcrypt 其实就是Blowfish和crypt()函数的结合,我们这里通过CRYPT_BLOWFISH判断Blowfish是否可用,然后像上面一样生成一个盐值,不过这里需要注意的是,crypt()的盐值必须以 $2a$ 或者 $2y$ 开头。
四. Password Hashing API
这里才是我们的重头戏,Password Hashing API是PHP 5.5之后才有的新特性,它主要是提供下面几个函数供我们使用:
password_hash() //对密码加密. password_verify() //验证已经加密的密码,检验其hash字串是否一致. password_needs_rehash() //给密码重新加密. password_get_info() //返回加密算法的名称和一些相关信息.
使用这套 API不仅简单,而且更加安全,这也是 PHP官方推荐的加密方式。
$hash = password_hash($passwod, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
PASSWORD_DEFAULT目前使用的就是Bcrypt加密算法,这里需要注意的是,如果你代码使用的都是PASSWORD_DEFAULT加密方式,那么在数据库的表中,password字段就得设置超
过60个字符长度,你也可以使用PASSWORD_BCRYPT算法,该算法加密后的字符串长度总为60。
这里使用 password_hash()你完全可以不提供盐值(salt)和 消耗值 (cost),你可以将后者理解为一种性能的消耗值,cost越大,加密算法越复杂,消耗的内存也就越大。当然,如果你需要
指定对应的盐值和消耗值,你可以这样写:
$options = [ 'salt' => custom_function_for_salt(), //自定义函数来获得盐值 'cost' => 12 // the default cost is 10 ]; $hash = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT, $options);
不过一般自定义 cost就好了, salt值则使用默认的。
加密好后,只需要简单的使用即可验证密码是否正确
<?php if (password_verify($password, $hash)) { // Pass } else { // Invalid }
直接使用password_verify就可以对我们之前加密过的字符串(存在数据库中)进行验证了。
如果要更换更改加密的方式,则必须使用以下代码来重新加密:
if (password_needs_rehash($hash, PASSWORD_DEFAULT, ['cost' => 12])) { // cost 变为 12 $hash = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT, ['cost' => 12]); // 然后重新保存 hash值 }
只有这样,PHP的 Password Hashing API才会知道我们重现更换了加密方式,这样才能完成之后的密码验证。
password_get_info(),这个函数一般可以看到下面三个信息:
1、algo – 算法实例
2、algoName – 算法名字
3、options – 加密时候的可选参数
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持PHP中文网。
更多好文章,尽在PHP中文网......

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.


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