定义和用法
replace() 方法用于在字符串中用一些字符替换另一些字符,或替换一个与正则表达式匹配的子串。
语法
stringObject.replace(regexp/substr,replacement)
返回值
一个新的字符串,是用 replacement 替换了 regexp 的第一次匹配或所有匹配之后得到的。
说明
字符串 stringObject 的 replace() 方法执行的是查找并替换的操作。它将在 stringObject 中查找与 regexp 相匹配的子字符串,然后用 replacement 来替换这些子串。如果 regexp 具有全局标志 g,那么 replace() 方法将替换所有匹配的子串。否则,它只替换第一个匹配子串。
replacement 可以是字符串,也可以是函数。如果它是字符串,那么每个匹配都将由字符串替换。但是 replacement 中的 $ 字符具有特定的含义。如下表所示,它说明从模式匹配得到的字符串将用于替换。
注意:ECMAScript v3 规定,replace() 方法的参数 replacement 可以是函数而不是字符串。在这种情况下,每个匹配都调用该函数,它返回的字符串将作为替换文本使用。该函数的第一个参数是匹配模式的字符串。接下来的参数是与模式中的子表达式匹配的字符串,可以有 0 个或多个这样的参数。接下来的参数是一个整数,声明了匹配在 stringObject 中出现的位置。最后一个参数是 stringObject 本身。
实例
例子 1
在本例中,我们将使用 "W3School" 替换字符串中的 "Microsoft":
<script type="text/javascript"> var str="Visit Microsoft!" document.write(str.replace(/Microsoft/, "php")) </script>
输出:Visit php!
例子 2
在本例中,我们将执行一次全局替换,每当 "Microsoft" 被找到,它就被替换为 "W3School":
<script type="text/javascript"> var str="Welcome to Microsoft! " str=str + "We are proud to announce that Microsoft has " str=str + "one of the largest Web Developers sites in the world." document.write(str.replace(/Microsoft/g, "php")) </script>
输出:
Welcome to php! We are proud to announce that jb1
has one of the largest Web Developers sites in the world.
例子 3
您可以使用本例提供的代码来确保匹配字符串大写字符的正确:
text = "javascript Tutorial"; text.replace(/javascript/i, "JavaScript");
输出:javascript Tutorial
例子 4
在本例中,我们将把 "Doe, John" 转换为 "John Doe" 的形式:
name = "Doe, John"; name.replace(/(\w+)\s*, \s*(\w+)/, "$2 $1");
输出:John Doe
例子 5
在本例中,我们将把所有的花引号替换为直引号:
name = '"a", "b"'; name.replace(/"([^"]*)"/g, "'$1'");
输出:'a', 'b'
例子 6
在本例中,我们将把字符串中所有单词的首字母都转换为大写:
name = 'aaa bbb ccc'; uw=name.replace(/\b\w+\b/g, function(word){ return word.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()+word.substring(1);} );
输出:Aaa Bbb Ccc
通过本文简单的学习,大家应该大概知道javascript中replace()方法,结合实例练习,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
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