[C# Tutorial] C# Array (Array)

C# Array

An array is a fixed-size sequential collection that stores elements of the same type. An array is a collection used to store data. An array is generally considered to be a collection of variables of the same type.

Declaring an array variable does not declare number0, number1,..., number99 as separate variables, but declares a variable like numbers, and then uses numbers[0], numbers[1], ..., numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in the array is accessed by index.

All arrays are composed of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element, and the highest address corresponds to the last element.

Declare an array

To declare an array in C#, you can use the following syntax:

datatype[] arrayName;

where,

datatype is used to specify the type of elements stored in the array.

[ ] specifies the rank (dimension) of the array. Rank specifies the size of the array.

arrayName specifies the name of the array.

Example:

double[] balance;

Initializing an array

Declaring an array does not initialize the array in memory. When initializing an array variable, you can assign a value to the array.

Array is a reference type, so you need to use the new keyword to create an instance of the array.

For example:

double[] balance = new double[10];

Assign to an array

You can assign to an individual array element by using the index number, for example:

double[] balance = new double[10];
balance[0] = 4500.0;

You can When declaring an array, assign a value to the array, for example:

double[] balance = { 2340.0, 4523.69, 3421.0};

You can also create and initialize an array, for example:

int [] marks = new int[5]  { 99,  98, 92, 97, 95};

In the above case, you can also omit the size of the array, for example:

int [] marks = new int[]  { 99,  98, 92, 97, 95};

You can also assign an array variable to another target array variable. In this case, the target and source point to the same memory location:

int [] marks = new int[]  { 99,  98, 92, 97, 95};
int[] score = marks;

When you create an array, the C# compiler implicitly initializes each array element to a default value based on the array type. For example, all elements of an int array will be initialized to 0.

Accessing Array Elements

Elements are accessed through indexed array names. This is accomplished by placing the index of the element in square brackets after the array name. For example

double salary = balance[9];

The following is an example using the three concepts mentioned above, namely declaration, assignment, and array access:

using System;
namespace ArrayApplication
{
   class MyArray
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         int []  n = new int[10]; /* n 是一个带有 10 个整数的数组 */
         int i,j;


         /* 初始化数组 n 中的元素 */         
         for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
         {
            n[ i ] = i + 100;
         }

         /* 输出每个数组元素的值 */
         for (j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Element[{0}] = {1}", j, n[j]);
         }
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it will produce the following results:

Element[0] = 100
Element[1] = 101
Element[2] = 102
Element[3] = 103
Element[4] = 104
Element[5] = 105
Element[6] = 106
Element[7] = 107
Element[8] = 108
Element[9] = 109

Using a foreach loop

In the previous example, we used a for loop to access each array element. You can also use a foreach statement to iterate over an array.

using System;

namespace ArrayApplication
{
   class MyArray
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         int []  n = new int[10]; /* n 是一个带有 10 个整数的数组 */


         /* 初始化数组 n 中的元素 */         
         for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
         {
            n[i] = i + 100;
         }

         /* 输出每个数组元素的值 */
         foreach (int j in n )
         {
            int i = j-100;
            Console.WriteLine("Element[{0}] = {1}", i, j);
            i++;
         }
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following results:

Element[0] = 100
Element[1] = 101
Element[2] = 102
Element[3] = 103
Element[4] = 104
Element[5] = 105
Element[6] = 106
Element[7] = 107
Element[8] = 108
Element[9] = 109

C# Array Details

In C#, arrays are very important and require more details. Listed below are some important concepts related to arrays that C# programmers must know:

Concept

Description

Multidimensional Arrays C# supports multidimensional arrays. The simplest form of a multidimensional array is a two-dimensional array.

Jagged array C# supports jagged arrays, which are arrays of arrays.

Passing Arrays to Functions You can pass a pointer to an array to a function by specifying the array name without an index.

Parameter array This is usually used to pass an unknown number of parameters to a function. The

Array class is defined in the System namespace and is the base class for all arrays and provides various properties and methods for arrays.

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