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Introduction to PHP input stream php://input

高洛峰
高洛峰Original
2016-12-23 11:00:592377browse

For an introduction to php://input, the PHP official manual document has a paragraph that clearly outlines it.

“php://input allows you to read raw POST data. It is a less memory intensive alternative to $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA and does not need any special php.ini directives. php://input is not available with enctype=”multipart /form-data".
Translated, this is:
"php://input can read unprocessed POST data. Compared to $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA, it puts less pressure on memory and does not require special php.ini settings. php://input cannot be used for enctype=multipart/form-data”

How should we understand this overview?! I divided it into three parts and understand it step by step.
Read POST data
Cannot be used for multipart/form-data type
php://input VS $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA
Reading POST data

PHPers must be familiar with the built-in variable $_POST. What are the connections and differences between $_POST and php://input? In addition, In addition to POST, the most commonly used methods for clients to exchange data with the server are GET. Since php://input is used as a PHP input stream, can it read GET data? These two questions are exactly what we need in this section. The main content of the discussion.
Experience tells us that summarizing from testing and observation will be a very effective method. Here, I wrote several scripts to help us test.

@file 192.168.0.6:/phpinput_server. php prints out the received data
@file 192.168.0.8:/phpinput_post.php simulates submitting form data using the POST method
@file 192.168.0.8:/phpinput_xmlrpc.php simulates issuing an xmlrpc request using the POST method.
@file 192.168.0.8 :/phpinput_get.php simulates submitting form numbers using GET method
phpinput_server.php and phpinput_post.php



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c06d273e3dea81adb7ff40c5a3b7c89b
We can capture the http request packet by using the tool ngrep (because what we need to detect is php://input, so we only capture the http Request packet here) . Let’s execute the test script phpinput_post.php

@php /phpinput_post.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 03:23:36 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
X- Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6
Content-Length: 160
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
------$_POST------ -----------
array(2) {
["n"]=> string(9) "perfgeeks"
["p"]=> string(4) "7788"
}
-------php://input-------------
n=perfgeeks&p=7788
The http request packet captured through ngrep is as follows:

T 192.168.0.8 :57846 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
POST /phpinput_server.php HTTP/1.1..
Host: 192.168.0.6..Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded..Co
ntent -Length: 18..Connection: close....n=perfgeeks&p=7788....
Looking carefully, we can easily find that
1, $_POST data, php://input data and httpd entity body data are " Consistent
2. The Content-Type in the http request is application/x-www-form-urlencoded, which means that the data in the http request body is the form data submitted using the post method of http, and has been processed by urlencode() .
(Note: Pay attention to the bolded part, which will not be prompted below).

Let’s take a look at the original file content of the script phpinput_xmlrpc.php, which simulates an xml-rpc request submitted by the POST method.



1a01bc5b980dbe05dfcb90993b5acf5f 
同样地,让我们来执行这个测试脚本 

@php /phpinput_xmlrcp.php 
HTTP/1.1 200 OK 
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 03:47:18 GMT 
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) 
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6 
Content-Length: 154 
Connection: close 
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 

-------$_POST------------------ 
array(0) { 


-------php://input------------- 
3fc3509638999935eead31da45711042 
836a1ce07dee1c81689932e051531a60 
8a11bc632ea32a57b3e3693c7987c420jt_userinfodf406f776eecbaf16b62325323196f14 
b99e2ce86b6658e0ccbb6fe0c6ff9776 
执行这个脚本的时候,我们通过ngrep抓取的http请求数据包如下 

T 192.168.0.8:45570 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP] 
POST /phpinput_server.php HTTP/1.1.. 
Host: 192.168.0.6..Content-Type: text/html..Content-Length: 75..Connec 
tion: close....3fc3509638999935eead31da45711042.836a1ce07dee1c81689932e051531a60. 8a11bc632ea32a57b3e3693c7987c420jt_userinfod411b32182a2f70b67b35ca5ddcf5ad7.b99e2ce86b6658e0ccbb6fe0c6ff9776.... 
同样,我样也可以很容易地发现: 
1,http请求中的Content-Type是text/xml。它表示http请求中的body数据是xml数据格式。 
2,服务端$_POST打印出来的是一个空数组,即与http entity body不一致了。这跟上个例子不一样了,这里的Content-Type是text/xml,而不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded 
3,而php://input数据还是跟http entity body数据一致。也就是php://input数据和$_POST数据不一致了。 

我们再来看看通过GET方法提交表单数据的情况,php://input能不能读取到GET方法的表单数据?在这里,我们稍加改动一下phpinput_server.php文件,将$_POST改成$_GET。 

<?php 
//@file phpinput_server.php 
$raw_post_data = file_get_contents(&#39;php://input&#39;, &#39;r&#39;); 
echo "-------\$_GET------------------\n"; 
echo var_dump($_GET) . "\n"; 
echo "-------php://input-------------\n"; 
echo $raw_post_data . "\n"; 
?> 
<?php 
//@file phpinput_get.php 
$query_path = &#39;n=&#39; . urldecode(&#39;perfgeeks&#39;) . &#39;&p=&#39; . urldecode(&#39;7788&#39;); 
$host = &#39;192.168.0.6&#39;; 
$port = 80; 
$path = &#39;/phpinput_server.php&#39;; 
$d = &#39;&#39;; 
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_no, $error_desc, 30); 
if ($fp) { 
fputs($fp, "GET {$path}?{$query_path} HTTP/1.1\r\n"); 
fputs($fp, "Host: {$host}\r\n"); 
fputs($fp, "Connection: close\r\n\r\n"); 

while (!feof($fp)) { 
$d .= fgets($fp, 4096); 
} 
fclose($fp); 
echo $d; 
} 
?>

同样,我们执行下一phpinput_get.php测试脚本,它模拟了一个通常情况下的GET方法提交表单数据。 

@php /phpinput_get.php 
HTTP/1.1 200 OK 
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 07:38:15 GMT 
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) 
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6 
Content-Length: 141 
Connection: close 
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 

-------$_GET------------------ 
array(2) { 
["n"]=> 
string(9) "perfgeeks" 
["p"]=> 
string(4) "7788" 


-------php://input------------- 
在这个时候,使用ngrep工具,捕获的相应的http请求数据包如下 

T 192.168.0.8:36775 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP] 
GET /phpinput_server.php?n=perfgeeks&p=7788 HTTP/1.1.. 
Host: 192.168.0.6..Connection: close.... 
比较POST方法提交的http请求,通常GET方法提交的请求中,entity body为空。同时,不会指定Content-Type和Content-Length。但是,如果强硬数据http entity body,并指明正确地Content-Type和Content-Length,那么php://input还可是读取得到http entity body数据,但不是$_GET数据。 

所根据,上面几个探测,我们可以作出以下总结: 
1,Content- Type取值为application/x-www-form-urlencoded时,php会将http请求body相应数据会填入到数 组$_POST,填入到$_POST数组中的数据是进行urldecode()解析的结果。(其实,除了该Content-Type,还有 multipart/form-data表示数据是表单数据,稍后我们介绍) 
2,php://input数据,只要Content-Type不为 multipart/form-data(该条件限制稍后会介绍)。那么php://input数据与http entity body部分数据是一致的。该部分相一致的数据的长度由Content-Length指定。 
3,仅当Content-Type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded且提交方法是POST方法时,$_POST数据与php://input数据才是”一致”(打上引号,表示它们格式不一致,内容一致)的。其它情况,它们都不一致。 
4,php://input读取不到$_GET数据。是因为$_GET数据作为query_path写在http请求头部(header)的PATH字段,而不是写在http请求的body部分。 

这也帮助我们理解了,为什么xml_rpc服务端读取数据都是通过file_get_contents(‘php://input', ‘r')。而不是从$_POST中读取,正是因为xml_rpc数据规格是xml,它的Content-Type是text/xml。 
php://input碰到了multipart/form-data 

上传文件的时候,表单的写法是这样的 

<form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="phpinput_server.php" method="POST" > 
<input type="text" name="n" /> 
<input type="file" name="f" /> 
<input type="submit" value="upload now" /> 
</form>

那么,enctype=multipart/form-data这里的意义,就是将该次http请求头部(head)中的Content-Type设置为multipart/form-data。请查阅RFC1867对 它的描述。multipart/form-data也表示以POST方法提交表单数据,它还伴随了文件上传,所以会跟application/x- www-form-urlencoded数据格式不一样。它会以一更种更合理的,更高效的数据格式传递给服务端。我们提交该表单数据,并且打印出响应结 果,如下: 

-------$_POST------------------ 
array(1) { ["n"]=> string(9) "perfgeeks" } 
-------php://input------------- 
同时,我们通过ngrep抓取的相应的http请求数据包如下: 

######## 
T 192.168.0.8:3981 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP] 
POST /phpinput_server.php HTTP/1.1..Host: 192.168.0.6..Connection: kee 
p-alive..User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) A 
ppleWebKit/533.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.342.3 Safari/533.2..Re 
ferer: http://192.168.0.6/phpinput_server.php..Content-Length: 306..Ca 
che-Control: max-age=0..Origin: http://192.168.0.6..Content-Type: mult 
ipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA..Acce 
pt: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q 
=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5..Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch..Accept-L 
anguage: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8..Accept-Charset: GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3..Cook 
ie: SESS3b0e658f87cf58240de13ab43a399df6=lju6o5bg8u04lv1ojugm2ccic6... 

## 
T 192.168.0.8:3981 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP] 
------WebKitFormBoundarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA..Content-Disposition: form-da 
ta; name="n"....perfgeeks..------WebKitFormBoundarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA..C 
ontent-Disposition: form-data; name="f"; filename="test.txt"..Content- 
Type: text/plain....i am file..multipart/form-data..------WebKitFormBo 
undarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA--.. 
## 
从响应输出来比对,$_POST数据跟请求提交数据相符,即$_POST = array(‘n' => ‘perfgeeks')。这也跟http请求body中的数据相呼应,同时说明PHP把相应的数据填入$_POST全局变量。而php://input 输出为空,没有输出任何东西,尽管http请求数据包中body不为空。这表示,当Content-Type为multipart/form-data的 时候,即便http请求body中存在数据,php://input也为空,PHP此时,不会把数据填入php://input流。所以,可以确定: php://input不能用于读取enctype=multipart/form-data数据。 

我们再比较这次通过ngrep抓取的http请求数据包,我们会发现,最大不同的一 点是Content-Type后面跟了boundary定义了数据的分界符,bounday是随机生成的。另外一个大不一样的,就是http entity body中的数据组织结构不一样了。 

上一节,我们概述了,当Content-Type为application/x- www-form-urlencoded时,php://input和$_POST数据是“一致”的,为其它Content-Type的时候,php: //input和$_POST数据数据是不一致的。因为只有在Content-Type为application/x-www-form- urlencoded或者为multipart/form-data的时候,PHP才会将http请求数据包中的body相应部分数据填入$_POST全 局变量中,其它情况PHP都忽略。而php://input除了在数据类型为multipart/form-data之外为空外,其它情况都可能不为空。 通过这一节,我们更加明白了php://input与$_POST的区别与联系。所以,再次确认,php://input无法读取 enctype=multipart/form-data数据,当php://input遇到它时,永远为空,即便http entity body有数据。 
php://input VS $http_raw_post_data 

相信大家对php://input已经有一定深度地了解了。那 么$http_raw_post_data是什么呢?$http_raw_post_data是PHP内置的一个全局变量。它用于,PHP在无法识别的 Content-Type的情况下,将POST过来的数据原样地填入变量$http_raw_post_data。它同样无法读取Content- Type为multipart/form-data的POST数据。需要设置php.ini中的 always_populate_raw_post_data值为On,PHP才会总把POST数据填入变量$http_raw_post_data。 

把脚本phpinput_server.php改变一下,可以验证上述内容 

<?php 
$raw_post_data = file_get_contents(&#39;php://input&#39;, &#39;r&#39;); 
$rtn = ($raw_post_data == $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA) ? 1 : 0; 
echo $rtn; 
?>

执行测试脚本 

@php phpinput_post.php 
@php phpinput_get.php 
@php phpinput_xmlrpc.php 

得出的结果输出都是一样的,即都为1,表示php://input和$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA是相同的。至于对内存的压力,我们这里就不做细致地测试了。有兴趣的,可以通过xhprof进行测试和观察。 

以此,我们这节可以总结如下: 
1, php://input 可以读取http entity body中指定长度的值,由Content-Length指定长度,不管是POST方式或者GET方法提交过来的数据。但是,一般GET方法提交数据 时,http request entity body部分都为空。 
2,php://input 与$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA读取的数据是一样的,都只读取Content-Type不为multipart/form-data的数据。 
学习笔记 

1,Coentent-Type仅在取值为application/x-www-data-urlencoded和multipart/form-data两种情况下,PHP才会将http请求数据包中相应的数据填入全局变量$_POST 
2,PHP不能识别的Content-Type类型的时候,会将http请求包中相应的数据填入变量$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA 
3, 只有Coentent-Type不为multipart/form-data的时候,PHP不会将http请求数据包中的相应数据填入php://input,否则其它情况都会。填入的长度,由Coentent-Length指定。 
4,只有Content-Type为application/x-www-data-urlencoded时,php://input数据才跟$_POST数据相一致。 
5,php://input数据总是跟$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA相同,但是php://input比$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA更凑效,且不需要特殊设置php.ini 
6,PHP会将PATH字段的query_path部分,填入全局变量$_GET。通常情况下,GET方法提交的http请求,body为空。

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