


Detailed explanation and examples of building a simple web server with Nodejs
使用 Nodejs 搭建简单的Web服务器
使用Nodejs搭建Web服务器是学习Node.js比较全面的入门教程,因为要完成一个简单的Web服务器,你需要学习Nodejs中几个比较重要的模块,比如:http协议模块、文件系统、url解析模块、路径解析模块、以及301重定向问题,下面我们就简单讲一下如何来搭建一个简单的Web服务器。
作为一个Web服务器应具备以下几个功能:
1、能显示以.html/.htm结尾的Web页面
2、能直接打开以.js/.css/.json/.text结尾的文件内容
3、显示图片资源
4、自动下载以.apk/.docx/.zip结尾的文件
5、形如http://xxx.com/a/b/ , 则查找b目录下是否有index.html,如果有就显示,如果没有就列出该目录下的所有文件及文件夹,并可以进一步访问。
6、形如http://xxx.com/a/b, 则作301重定向到http://xxx.com/a/b/ , 这样可以解决内部资源引用错位的问题。
引入需要用到的几个模块:
//http协议模块 var http = require('http'); //url解析模块 var url = require('url'); //文件系统模块 var fs = require("fs"); //路径解析模块 var path = require("path");
创建服务并在指定的端口监听:
//创建一个服务 var httpServer = http.createServer(this.processRequest.bind(this)); //在指定的端口监听服务 httpServer.listen(port,function(){ console.log("[HttpServer][Start]","runing at http://"+ip+":"+port+"/"); console.timeEnd("[HttpServer][Start]"); });
在创建服务的时候需要传递一个匿名函数processRequest 对请求进行处理,processRequest接收2个参数,分别是request和response, request对象中包含了请求的所有内容,response是用来设置响应头以及对客户端做出响应操作。
processRequest:function(request,response){ var hasExt = true; var requestUrl = request.url; var pathName = url.parse(requestUrl).pathname; //对请求的路径进行解码,防止中文乱码 pathName = decodeURI(pathName); //如果路径中没有扩展名 if(path.extname(pathName) === ''){ //如果不是以/结尾的,加/并作301重定向 if (pathName.charAt(pathName.length-1) != "/"){ pathName += "/"; var redirect = "http://"+request.headers.host + pathName; response.writeHead(301, { location:redirect }); response.end(); } //添加默认的访问页面,但这个页面不一定存在,后面会处理 pathName += "index.html"; hasExt = false; //标记默认页面是程序自动添加的 } //获取资源文件的相对路径 var filePath = path.join("http/webroot",pathName); //获取对应文件的文档类型 var contentType = this.getContentType(filePath); //如果文件名存在 fs.exists(filePath,function(exists){ if(exists){ response.writeHead(200, {"content-type":contentType}); var stream = fs.createReadStream(filePath,{flags:"r",encoding:null}); stream.on("error", function() { response.writeHead(500,{"content-type": "text/html"}); response.end("<h1 id="nbsp-Server-nbsp-Error">500 Server Error</h1>"); }); //返回文件内容 stream.pipe(response); }else { //文件名不存在的情况 if(hasExt){ //如果这个文件不是程序自动添加的,直接返回404 response.writeHead(404, {"content-type": "text/html"}); response.end("<h1 id="nbsp-Not-nbsp-Found">404 Not Found</h1>"); }else { //如果文件是程序自动添加的且不存在,则表示用户希望访问的是该目录下的文件列表 var html = "<head><meta charset='utf-8'></head>"; try{ //用户访问目录 var filedir = filePath.substring(0,filePath.lastIndexOf('\\')); //获取用户访问路径下的文件列表 var files = fs.readdirSync(filedir); //将访问路径下的所以文件一一列举出来,并添加超链接,以便用户进一步访问 for(var i in files){ var filename = files[i]; html += "<div><a href='"+filename+"'>"+filename+"</a></div>"; } }catch (e){ html += "<h1 id="您访问的目录不存在">您访问的目录不存在</h1>" } response.writeHead(200, {"content-type": "text/html"}); response.end(html); } } }); },
请求处理函数中有几个重点需要说一下:
对于路径中有中文的,浏览器会自动进行编码(英文不变,中文会变),因此在接收到地址后,需要对地址进行解码,否则最后得到的路径和真实路径不相符,
当访问路径不是以具体的文件结尾,并且不是以/结尾,则需要通过重定向加上/,表示当前目录,否则当前路径下的静态资源会找不到
如果访问路径是目录,则列出该目录下所有文件及文件夹,并可以点击访问,为了让中文目录能正常显示,则还要在header中设置charset=utf-8
如果要运行demo,打开cmd切换到根目录,运行node start即可。

JavaScript originated in 1995 and was created by Brandon Ike, and realized the language into C. 1.C language provides high performance and system-level programming capabilities for JavaScript. 2. JavaScript's memory management and performance optimization rely on C language. 3. The cross-platform feature of C language helps JavaScript run efficiently on different operating systems.

JavaScript runs in browsers and Node.js environments and relies on the JavaScript engine to parse and execute code. 1) Generate abstract syntax tree (AST) in the parsing stage; 2) convert AST into bytecode or machine code in the compilation stage; 3) execute the compiled code in the execution stage.

The future trends of Python and JavaScript include: 1. Python will consolidate its position in the fields of scientific computing and AI, 2. JavaScript will promote the development of web technology, 3. Cross-platform development will become a hot topic, and 4. Performance optimization will be the focus. Both will continue to expand application scenarios in their respective fields and make more breakthroughs in performance.

Both Python and JavaScript's choices in development environments are important. 1) Python's development environment includes PyCharm, JupyterNotebook and Anaconda, which are suitable for data science and rapid prototyping. 2) The development environment of JavaScript includes Node.js, VSCode and Webpack, which are suitable for front-end and back-end development. Choosing the right tools according to project needs can improve development efficiency and project success rate.

Yes, the engine core of JavaScript is written in C. 1) The C language provides efficient performance and underlying control, which is suitable for the development of JavaScript engine. 2) Taking the V8 engine as an example, its core is written in C, combining the efficiency and object-oriented characteristics of C. 3) The working principle of the JavaScript engine includes parsing, compiling and execution, and the C language plays a key role in these processes.

JavaScript is at the heart of modern websites because it enhances the interactivity and dynamicity of web pages. 1) It allows to change content without refreshing the page, 2) manipulate web pages through DOMAPI, 3) support complex interactive effects such as animation and drag-and-drop, 4) optimize performance and best practices to improve user experience.

C and JavaScript achieve interoperability through WebAssembly. 1) C code is compiled into WebAssembly module and introduced into JavaScript environment to enhance computing power. 2) In game development, C handles physics engines and graphics rendering, and JavaScript is responsible for game logic and user interface.

JavaScript is widely used in websites, mobile applications, desktop applications and server-side programming. 1) In website development, JavaScript operates DOM together with HTML and CSS to achieve dynamic effects and supports frameworks such as jQuery and React. 2) Through ReactNative and Ionic, JavaScript is used to develop cross-platform mobile applications. 3) The Electron framework enables JavaScript to build desktop applications. 4) Node.js allows JavaScript to run on the server side and supports high concurrent requests.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.
