search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP设计模式之解释器模式的深入解析_php技巧

解释器(Interpreter)模式,它包括一个具有复合类分层结构的文法表现,规则是映射到类,跟随在文法后面的表达式可以被转换成一个抽象的语法树,除了复合模式的实例对象图外,没有别的内容。

树是一个抽象的名词,因为实际上大多数时候它是一个表达式的抽象表现,它忽略了可能有一个字符串,也可能有一个数据结构的具体表达式,(例如,在PHP中,“A”和“x41”是相同抽象字面值的不同具体表现),通过逻辑规则解耦结果,使解释过程大大简化。

解释器不是一个很常见的模式,但对于简单的语法,它添加一个规则就象添加一个类那样容易,但它没有解决从具体表现形式到抽象语法树的转换,这是由其它服务完成的。

解释器模式旨在为一个简单的抽象表达式(AbstractExpression)方法(解释器操作)实现利用复合分层结构,解释器操作的参数通常统称为上下文,对于给定的一个方法,它们通常被计算值代替,或它们对某些操作可能不存在。

同样,当包含一个解释器时,复合模式的叶子和容器参与者名称会不一样,这些名称反映了它们所扮演的角色:终结符(terminal)或非终结符(nonterminal)表达式。

参与者:
◆客户端(Client):使用解释操作。
◆抽象表达式(AbstractExpression):基于一个表达式树抽象。
◆非终结符表达式(NonTerminalExpression):递归地包含其它抽象表达式(AbstractExpression实例)的表达式。
◆终结符表达式(TerminalExpression):不能够进一步简化的表达式。


《设计模式》一书针对这个模式提供了一个扩展示例,我将使用数学表达式替换布尔表达式重新改造了一下,因此这个例子解决了一个数学表达式的展现,它的evaluate( )被分离在一个不同的ConcreteExpression类中。

复制代码 代码如下:

/** 
 * AbstractExpression. All implementations of this interface 
 * are ConcreteExpressions. 
 */
interface MathExpression 

    /** 
     * Calculates the value assumed by the expression. 
     * Note that $values is passed to all expression but it 
     * is used by Variable only. This is required to abstract 
     * away the tree structure. 
     */
    public function evaluate(array $values); 


/** 
 * A terminal expression which is a literal value. 
 */
class Literal implements MathExpression 

    private $_value; 

    public function __construct($value) 
    { 
        $this->_value = $value; 
    } 

    public function evaluate(array $values) 
    { 
        return $this->_value; 
    } 


/** 
 * A terminal expression which represents a variable. 
 */
class Variable implements MathExpression 

    private $_letter; 

    public function __construct($letter) 
    { 
        $this->_letter = $letter; 
    } 

    public function evaluate(array $values) 
    { 
        return $values[$this->_letter]; 
    } 


/** 
 * Nonterminal expression. 
 */
class Sum implements MathExpression 

    private $_a; 
    private $_b; 

    public function __construct(MathExpression $a, MathExpression $b) 
    { 
        $this->_a = $a; 
        $this->_b = $b; 
    } 

    public function evaluate(array $values) 
    { 
        return $this->_a->evaluate($values) + $this->_b->evaluate($values); 
    } 


/** 
 * Nonterminal expression. 
 */
class Product implements MathExpression 

    private $_a; 
    private $_b; 

    public function __construct(MathExpression $a, MathExpression $b) 
    { 
        $this->_a = $a; 
        $this->_b = $b; 
    } 

    public function evaluate(array $values) 
    { 
        return $this->_a->evaluate($values) * $this->_b->evaluate($values); 
    } 


// 10(a + 3) 
$expression = new Product(new Literal(10), new Sum(new Variable('a'), new Literal(3))); 
echo $expression->evaluate(array('a' => 4)), "\n"; 
// adding new rules to the grammar is easy: 
// e.g. Power, Subtraction... 
// thanks to the Composite, manipulation is even simpler: 
// we could add substitute($letter, MathExpression $expr) 
// to the interface...
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
The Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceThe Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceApr 19, 2025 am 12:23 AM

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesPHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesApr 19, 2025 am 12:21 AM

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages ​​that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedPHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryPHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryApr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

Choosing Between PHP and Python: A GuideChoosing Between PHP and Python: A GuideApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP and Frameworks: Modernizing the LanguagePHP and Frameworks: Modernizing the LanguageApr 18, 2025 am 12:14 AM

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHP's Impact: Web Development and BeyondPHP's Impact: Web Development and BeyondApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools