PHP的变量声明并赋值后,变量名存在符号表中,而值和类信息存在zval中,zval中包含四个变量,is_ref,refcount,value,type,zval源码如下
struct _zval_struct {
/* Variable information */
zvalue_value value; /* value */
zend_uint refcount__gc;
zend_uchar type; /* active type */
zend_uchar is_ref__gc;
};
refcount表示value地址与其相同的zval共有多少个,refcount=0时,zval被销毁
is_ref表示一个zval是否被引用,有“0”和“1”两种状态
此处分析一下什么时候zval会被复制或者开辟新的内存空间呢
1.当is_ref=0,且refcount>1时,如果改变某个指向该zval的变量的值,会生成新zval,原zval的refcount--,例如:$a=1;$b=$a;$b=2;,zval将被复制,也就是说原先ab指向同一个zval,后来b会使用新开辟的zval
2.当is_ref=0,且refcount>1时,如果将zval赋值给某个引用变量,那么用来赋值和变量和被赋值的变量会使用同一个原zval,而其他指向原zval的变量将会指向一个新复制的zval,且refcount会被重新计算,例如:$a=1;$b=$a;$c=$a;$d=&$a;,此时ad使用原zval,bc使用新复制出来的zval
3.当is_ref=1,且refcount>1时,如果将zval复制给某个非引用变量,该非引用变量会使用一个新复制的zval,元zval的refcount不变,例如:$a=1;$b=&$a;$c=$a,那么ab使用原zval,而c使用新复制的zval
type表示该zval的值类型,宏定义如下
#define IS_NULL 0
#define IS_LONG 1
#define IS_DOUBLE 2
#define IS_BOOL 3
#define IS_ARRAY 4
#define IS_OBJECT 5
#define IS_STRING 6
#define IS_RESOURCE 7
#define IS_CONSTANT 8
#define IS_CONSTANT_ARRAY 9
value表示该zval的值,他也是个共同体,代码如下
typedef union _zvalue_value {
long lval; /* long value */
double dval; /* double value */
struct {
char *val;
int len;
} str;
HashTable *ht; /* hash table value */
zend_object_value obj;
} zvalue_value;
现在你知道php是如何类型变换的了,因为他的值存的其实是个可以代表任何类型的结构体,而具体的取值则根据type来决定是用共同体里的哪个变量来存值的
见下面的例子1
.-----------
$a = 1;
$b = $a;
$c = $a;
.-----------
$d = &$a;
.-----------
$a = 2;
.-----------
$b = null;
查看refcount,is_ref,zval的变化
执行完第一部分后来看看输出
1-----------------------------
a:(refcount=3, is_ref=0),int 1
b:(refcount=3, is_ref=0),int 1
c:(refcount=3, is_ref=0),int 1
可以看出来a,b,c使用同一个zval
再看执行完第二部分的
2----------------------------
a:(refcount=2, is_ref=1),int 1
b:(refcount=2, is_ref=0),int 1
c:(refcount=2, is_ref=0),int 1
d:(refcount=2, is_ref=1),int 1
注意此时a,d在一起了,他们使用同一个zval,而bc使用一个新生成的zval,同时重新计算两个zval的refcount和is_ref
3----------------------------
a:(refcount=2, is_ref=1),int 2
b:(refcount=2, is_ref=0),int 1
c:(refcount=2, is_ref=0),int 1
d:(refcount=2, is_ref=1),int 2
可以知道ad这两个is_ref=1的好基友的值是同时改变的
4----------------------------
a:(refcount=2, is_ref=1),int 2
b:(refcount=1, is_ref=0),null
c:(refcount=1, is_ref=0),int 1
d:(refcount=2, is_ref=1),int 2
bc由于他们的zval的is_ref=0,所以他们不是好基友,他们的值不会同时改变,于是bc的zval再次分裂,b = null c = 1

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool