Advanced CSS Tips

Use :not() to add/cancel the border on the menu

Many people will add a border to the navigation like this, and then cancel it for the last one:

/* add border */
.nav li {
  border-right: 1px solid #666;
}
/* remove border */
.nav li:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}

In fact, using CSS3’s :not() can be simplified to the following code:

.nav li:not(:last-child) {
  border-right: 1px solid #666;
}

Of course, you can also use .nav li + li or even .nav li:first-child ~ li, but using :not() can make the intention more clear
All major browsers support the :not selector, except IE8 and earlier versions

Add line-height attributes to body

You don’t need to add line-height attributes to

and separately. On the contrary, you only need to add them to the body:

body {
  line-height: 1;
}

In this way, the text element can easily inherit this attribute from the body

Vertical centering

You can vertically center any element:

html, body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}
body {
  -webkit-align-items: center;
  -ms-flex-align: center;
  align-items: center;
  display: -webkit-flex;
  display: flex;
}

Note: flexbox has some bugs under IE11

Use commas to separate the list

The list looks like it is comma-separated:

ul > li:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: ",";
}

Remove the comma after the last element via the :not() pseudo-class

Use negative nth-child to select elements

Use negative nth-child between 1 and n Select elements between:

li {
  display: none;
}
/* 选择第1到3个元素并显示它们 */
li:nth-child(-n+3) {
  display: block;
}

Of course, if you understand :not(), you can also do this:

li:not(:nth-child(-n+3)) {
  display: none;
}

Use SVG for icons

There is no reason not to use SVG for icons:

.logo {
  background: url("logo.svg");
}

SVG for any resolution The zoom effect is very good and supports all IE9+ browsers, so give up using png, jpg, and gif files
Note: The following code can improve accessibility for users who use assistive devices to access the Internet:

.no-svg .icon-only:after {
  content: attr(aria-label);
}

Optimize display text

Sometimes fonts don’t display optimally on all devices, so let your device browser help you:

html {
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

Note: Please use optimizeLegibility responsibly. In addition, IE/Edge does not support text-rendering

Use max-height to implement pure CSS slideshow

Use max-height with beyond hiding to implement pure CSS slideshow:

.slider ul {
  max-height: 0;
  overlow: hidden;
}
.slider:hover ul {
  max-height: 1000px;
  transition: .3s ease; /* animate to max-height */
}

继承box-sizing

让box-sizing继承自html：

html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
*, *:before, *:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}

这使得在插件或者其他组件中修改box-sizing属性变得更加容易

设置表格相同宽度

.calendar {
  table-layout: fixed;
}

使用Flexbox来避免Margin Hacks

在做多列布局的时候，可以通过Flexbox的space-between属性来避免nth-、first-、 last-child等hacks:

.list {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.list .person {
  flex-basis: 23%;
}

这样，列之间的空白就会被均匀的填满

对空链接使用属性选择器

当中没有文本而href不为空的时候，显示其链接：

a[href^="http"]:empty::before {
  content: attr(href);
}

文本溢出省略的处理方法

单行文本溢出

.inline{
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

多行文本溢出

.foo{
    display: -webkit-box!important;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    word-break: break-all;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;/*方向*/
    -webkit-line-clamp:4;/*显示多少行文本*/
}