Float was probably the most commonly used attribute in web page layout before CSS3. We often see codes that float when we disagree with each other, so let’s dig deeper into this attribute that is half angel and half devil.
This article is some summary and some expanded usage after reading the float video of Zhang Xinxu, the master of MOOC.com, video address: http://www.imooc.com/learn/121. This video is boring when you first read it, but you will find it even more boring after you read it carefully. . . . . . However, if you read again after encountering a pitfall, you will find a conscience video, every word of which is precious. Without further ado, let’s start now:
1.The origin of float
The original design of floating was used to create a text wrapping effect, which is what the designer wanted us to do.
2.float parameters
There are three parameter values for the float attribute:
left: Indicates that the element floats to the left.
right: Indicates that the element floats to the right.
none: The object does not float and follows the standard document flow.
3.Effect display (take float: left as an example, the case of float: right is just a difference in position)
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
div</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 20px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.d1</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 50px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> hsl(100,50%,80%)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.d2</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> hsl(150,50%,80%)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.d3</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 250px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> hsl(10,50%,80%)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.d4</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> hsl(250,50%,80%)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
span</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
margin-right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 3px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
border-right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> solid 1px #ccc</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> hsl(60,50%,80%)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.s3</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="d1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>div1<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="d2"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>div2有float<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="d3"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>div3<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">span </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="s1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>span1<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">span </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="s2"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>span2<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">span </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="s3"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>span3有float<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="d4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>div4有float<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">span </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="s4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>span4 <span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
When the browser width is not long enough:
When the browser width is long enough:
We can draw the following conclusions:
When a floating element is a block element, its next adjacent element (not floating) will overlap the floating element and the floating element will be above it. If the next adjacent element is an inline element, it will follow the floated element.
When a floated element is an inline element, its next adjacent element (not floated) will not move if it is a block element, but overlap will occur if the width is not enough. If the next adjacent element is an inline element, it will follow the floated element.
4.Floating destructiveness
Elements set to float will break away from the document flow, causing their parent elements to "collapse" in height.
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="border:3px dashed #ddd"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>我还没设置float属性<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="border:3px dashed #ddd"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">p </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="float:left"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>我设置了float属性<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span></span></span>
5.Floating wrapping property
This is a div without float
This is a div with float
6. Float to remove spaces
This has been shown in the above code and conclusion. Simply put, in normal document flow, there will be a gap between two inline elements as well as above and below by default. Floating can clear this gap and make the two elements seamless. Combined, the gap between the top and bottom will also be cleared.
7.Clear the effect of floating
7.1 Use the clearattribute
a. Place <div style="clear:both;"></div> as the last child tag and place it at the parent tag. It is also the simplest way to clear the float, but it is not recommended. .
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="border:3px dashed #ddd"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">p </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="float:left"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>我设置了float属性<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="clear:both"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span></span></span></span>
b.after pseudo-element and zoom
After refers to after the last child element of the tag. So we can use CSS code to generate an element with clear attribute
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.mydiv</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">3px dashed #ddd
</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.mydiv:after</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
content</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> ""</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
clear</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">both</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
display</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> block</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="mydiv"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">p </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="float:left"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>我设置了float属性<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span></span></span></span></span>
But IE6/7 cannot recognize the pseudo element after, so you have to use zoom, for example:
.mydiv{
border:3px dashed #ddd;<br> zoom:1
}<br> 7.2 <span style="background-color: #ffff00">BFC</span><br>给父元素添加浮动，或者overflow:hidden,position:absolute等可以使元素BFC化的属性，下节单独探讨BFC的生成条件和布局规则，例：
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">
.mydiv</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">3px dashed #ddd</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">
overflow</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> hidden</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="mydiv"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="color: #800000">p </span><span style="color: #ff0000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="float:left"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>我设置了float属性<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </span></span></span></span>
This is about the layout of float and the impact of clearing it. Please correct me if there are any omissions or errors. In the next section, let’s take a look at what BFC is, how it is laid out, and why it can be used to clear floats.
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