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Definition and usage
Thereplace() method is used to replace some characters with other characters in a string, or replace a substring that matches a regular expression.
stringObject.replace(regexp/substr,replacement)
Parameters | Description | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
regexp/substr |
Required. A RegExp object that specifies the substring or pattern to be replaced.
Please note that if the value is a character string, it is retrieved as a literal text pattern, rather than first being converted to a RegExp object. |
||||||
replacement | Required. A string value. Specifies functions for replacing text or generating replacement text. |
A new string obtained by replacing the first match or all matches of regexp with replacement.
Regular characters
replaceValue can be a string. If there are several specific characters in the string, it will be converted to a specific string.
字符 | 替换文本 |
$$ | 直接量符号(就是当做'$$'字符用) |
$& | 与正则相匹配的字符串 |
$` | 匹配字符串左边的字符 |
$' | 匹配字符串右边的字符 |
,,$,3,…,$n | 匹配结果中对应的分组匹配结果 |
下面通过实例给大家介绍:
例子 1
在本例中,我们将使用 "W3School" 替换字符串中的 "Microsoft":
<script type="text/javascript"> var str="Visit Microsoft!" document.write(str.replace(/Microsoft/, "W3School")) </script>
输出:
Visit W3School!
例子 2
在本例中,我们将执行一次全局替换,每当 "Microsoft" 被找到,它就被替换为 "W3School":
<script type="text/javascript"> var str="Welcome to Microsoft! " str=str + "We are proud to announce that Microsoft has " str=str + "one of the largest Web Developers sites in the world." document.write(str.replace(/Microsoft/g, "W3School")) </script>
输出:
Welcome to W3School! We are proud to announce that W3School
has one of the largest Web Developers sites in the world.
例子 3
您可以使用本例提供的代码来确保匹配字符串大写字符的正确:
text = "javascript Tutorial"; text.replace(/javascript/i, "JavaScript");
例子 4
在本例中,我们将把 "Doe, John" 转换为 "John Doe" 的形式:
name = "Doe, John"; name.replace(/(\w+)\s*, \s*(\w+)/, "$2 $1");
例子 5
在本例中,我们将把所有的花引号替换为直引号:
name = '"a", "b"'; name.replace(/"([^"]*)"/g, "'$1'");
例子 6
在本例中,我们将把字符串中所有单词的首字母都转换为大写:
name = 'aaa bbb ccc'; uw=name.replace(/\b\w+\b/g, function(word){ return word.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()+word.substring(1);} );
正则替换字符串
'I am loser,You are loser'.replace(/loser/g,'hero') //I am hero,You are hero
使用正则表达式,并将正则的global属性改为true则可以让所有loser都变为hero
使用$&字符给匹配字符加大括号
var sStr='讨论一下正则表达式中的replace的用法'; sStr.replace(/正则表达式/,'{$&}'); //讨论一下{正则表达式}中的replace的用法 使用$`和$'字符替换内容 'abc'.replace(/b/,"$`"); //aac 'abc'.replace(/b/,"$'"); //acc 使用分组匹配组合新的字符串 'nimojs@126.com'.replace(/(.+)(@)(.*)/,"$2$1") //@nimojs
replaceValue参数可以是一个函数
StringObject.replace(searchValue,replaceValue)中的replaceValue可以是一个函数.
如果replaceValue是一个函数的话那么,这个函数的arguments会有n+3个参数(n为正则匹配到的次数)
先看例子帮助理解:
function logArguments(){ console.log(arguments); //["nimojs@126.com", "nimojs", "@", "126.com", 0, "nimojs@126.com"] return '返回值会替换掉匹配到的目标' } console.log( 'nimojs@126.com'.replace(/(.+)(@)(.*)/,logArguments) )
参数分别为
匹配到的字符串(此例为nimojs@126.com,推荐修改上面代码的正则来查看匹配到的字符帮助理解)
如果正则使用了分组匹配就为多个否则无此参数。(此例的参数就分别为”nimojs”, “@”, “126.com”。推荐修改正则为/nimo/查看控制台中返回的arguments值)
匹配字符串的对应索引位置(此例为0)
原始字符串(此例为nimojs@126.com)
使用自定义函数将A-G字符串改为小写
'JAVASCRIPT'.replace(/[A-G]/g,function(){ return arguments[0].toLowerCase(); }) //JaVaScRIPT
使用自定义函数做回调式替换将行内样式中的单引号删除
<span style="font-family:\'微软雅黑\';">demo</span>'.replace(/\'[^']+\'/g,function(){ var sResult=arguments[0]; console.log(sResult);//'微软雅黑' sResult=sResult.replace(/\'/g,''); console.log(sResult); //微软雅黑 return sResult; }) //<span style="font-family:微软雅黑;">demo</span>
以上内容是小编给大家介绍的avaScript 中的 replace 方法,希望大家喜欢。