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Starting HTML from scratch (2 2016/9/20)

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Sep 21, 2016 pm 01:56 PM

1.Layout

① HTML layout using the

element. The

element is often used as a layout tool because it can be easily positioned via CSS.

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#header </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
把div理解成一个盒子，设置了盒子的高和宽，后面的盒子就自动跑到前面盒子没占的地方
#nav </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    line-height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#eeeeee</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">       
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#section </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">350px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#footer </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    clear</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">both</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">        清除前面float(浮动)的影响
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
   padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="header"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>City Gallery<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Paris</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Tokyo</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="section"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="footer"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Copyright ? W3Schools.com
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

② Website layout using HTML5

HTML5 provides new semantic elements that define different parts of a web page:

HTML5 semantic elements:

header	Define document or section header
nav	Container that defines navigation links
section	Define sections in the document
article	Define independent self-contained articles
aside	Content outside of defined content (such as sidebar)
footer	Define the footer of a document or section
details	Define additional details
summary	Define the title of the details element

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
header </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>     
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
nav </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    line-height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#eeeeee</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
section </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">350px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
footer </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    clear</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">both</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">header</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>City Gallery<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">header</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">nav</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Paris</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Tokyo</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">nav</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">section</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">section</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">footer</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Copyright W3Schools.com
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">footer</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

③ 使用表格的 HTML 布局。

元素不是作为布局工具而设计的，

元素的作用是显示表格化的数据，使用

元素能够取得布局效果，因为能够通过 CSS 设置表格元素的样式

复习表格：下面代码所定义的是一个一行一列的表格，

定义了这一行。

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
table.lamp </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">1px solid #d4d4d4</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
table.lamp th, td </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> 
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
table.lamp th </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">40px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
 
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">table </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="lamp"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">th</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">img </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="/images/lamp1.jpg"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> alt</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="Note"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="height:32px;width:32px"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">th</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    The table element was not designed to be a layout tool.
  </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">table</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

2.HTML 响应式 Web 设计

RWD 指的是响应式 Web 设计（Responsive Web Design）
RWD 能够以可变尺寸传递网页
RWD 对于平板和移动设备是必需的

① 创建响应式设计的一个方法，是自己来创建它：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">html </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">lang</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="en-US"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.city </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 15px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span> 
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>W3School Demo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Resize this responsive page!<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="city"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London is the capital city of England.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="city"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="city"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Tokyo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

② 使用 Bootstrap，另一个创建响应式设计的方法，是使用现成的 CSS 框架。Bootstrap 是最流行的开发响应式 web 的 HTML, CSS, 和 JS 框架。Bootstrap 帮助您开发在任何尺寸都外观出众的站点：显示器、笔记本电脑、平板电脑或手机：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="utf-8"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="viewport"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> content</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">link </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">rel</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="stylesheet"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> 
  href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="container"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="jumbotron"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>W3School Demo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> 
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Resize this responsive page!<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> 
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="container"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="row"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="col-md-4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London is the capital city of England.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
    with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="col-md-4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="col-md-4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Tokyo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
    and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

★ 后续继续学习bootstrap。

3.框架

通过使用框架，可以在同一个浏览器窗口中显示不止一个页面。每份HTML文档称为一个框架，并且每个框架都独立于其他的框架。

使用框架的坏处：

开发人员必须同时跟踪更多的HTML文档
很难打印整张页面

框架结构标签（）

框架结构标签（）定义如何将窗口分割为框架
每个 frameset 定义了一系列行或列
rows/columns 的值规定了每行或每列占据屏幕的面积

Frame 标签定义了放置在每个框架中的 HTML 文档。

在下面的这个例子中，我们设置了一个两列的框架集。第一列被设置为占据浏览器窗口的 25%。第二列被设置为占据浏览器窗口的 75%。HTML 文档 "frame_a.htm" 被置于第一个列中，而 HTML 文档 "frame_b.htm" 被置于第二个列中：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">frameset </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">cols</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="25%,75%"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
   <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">frame </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="frame_a.htm"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
   <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">frame </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="frame_b.htm"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">frameset</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span>

① 假如一个框架有可见边框，用户可以拖动边框来改变它的大小。为了避免这种情况发生，可以在标签中加入：noresize="noresize"。

② 不能将

标签与标签同时使用！

4.内联框架

① iframe 用于在网页内显示网页。

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="URL"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

② Iframe - 设置高度和宽度

height 和 width 属性用于规定 iframe 的高度和宽度。

属性值的默认单位是像素，但也可以用百分比来设定（比如 "80%"）。

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="demo_iframe.htm"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="200"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="200"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

③ Iframe - 删除边框

frameborder 属性规定是否显示 iframe 周围的边框。设置属性值为 "0" 就可以移除边框：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="demo_iframe.htm"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> frameborder</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="0"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

④ 使用 iframe 作为链接的目标

iframe 可用作链接的目标（target），即在该frame中显示网页。链接的 target 属性必须引用 iframe 的 name 属性：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="demo_iframe.htm"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="iframe_a"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.w3school.com.cn"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> target</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="iframe_a"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>W3School.com.cn<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span>

5.背景

背景属性将背景设置为图像。属性值为图像的URL。如果图像尺寸小于浏览器窗口，那么图像将在整个浏览器窗口进行复制。

URL可以是相对地址，如第一行代码。也可以使绝对地址，如第二行代码：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">background</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="clouds.gif"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">background</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.w3school.com.cn/clouds.gif"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>

6.头部

①

元素是所有头部元素的容器。内的元素可包含脚本，指示浏览器在何处可以找到样式表，提供元信息，等等。以下标签都可以添加到 head 部分：、<base>、<link>、<meta>、<script> 以及 <style>。 ②<title> 标签定义文档的标题。title 元素在所有 HTML/XHTML 文档中都是必需的。 title 元素能够： <ul> <li>定义浏览器工具栏中的标题 <li>提供页面被添加到收藏夹时显示的标题 <li>显示在搜索引擎结果中的页面标题 ③HTML <base> 元素，<base> 标签为页面上的所有链接规定默认地址或默认目标（target）： <div class="cnblogs_code"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><html> <head> <base href="http://www.w3school.com.cn/i/" /> <base target="_blank" /> </head> <body> <img src="eg_smile.gif" /><br /> <p>请注意，我们已经为图像规定了一个相对地址。由于我们已经在 head 部分规定了一个基准 URL，浏览器将在如下地址寻找图片：</p> <p>"http://www.w3school.com.cn/i/eg_smile.gif"</p> </body> </html> ④ HTML <link> 元素，<link> 标签定义文档与外部资源之间的关系。<link> 标签最常用于连接样式表。 <div class="cnblogs_code"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" /> </head> <h3>7.文档类型 Web 世界中存在许多不同的文档。只有了解文档的类型，浏览器才能正确地显示文档。 HTML 也有多个不同的版本，只有完全明白页面中使用的确切 HTML 版本，浏览器才能完全正确地显示出 HTML 页面。这就是 <!DOCTYPE> 的用处。 <!DOCTYPE> 不是 HTML 标签。它为浏览器提供一项信息（声明），即 HTML 是用什么版本编写的。 HTML5： <div class="cnblogs_code"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><!DOCTYPE html> 到这儿W3C上HTML基础教程就看完啦，用了两天晚上的时间，看的还是比较快，要是之前也能这么静下心慢慢看说不定就能有更好的进步呢。 <div id="MySignature"> <div class="clear"> </script>

是这一行的表头，	是这一行的内容，

Statement

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How do you set the lang attribute on the tag? Why is this important?May 08, 2025 am 12:03 AM

Setting the lang attributes of a tag is a key step in optimizing web accessibility and SEO. 1) Set the lang attribute in the tag, such as. 2) In multilingual content, set lang attributes for different language parts, such as. 3) Use language codes that comply with ISO639-1 standards, such as "en", "fr", "zh", etc. Correctly setting the lang attribute can improve the accessibility of web pages and search engine rankings.

What is the purpose of HTML attributes?May 07, 2025 am 12:01 AM

HTMLattributesareessentialforenhancingwebelements'functionalityandappearance.Theyaddinformationtodefinebehavior,appearance,andinteraction,makingwebsitesinteractive,responsive,andvisuallyappealing.Attributeslikesrc,href,class,type,anddisabledtransform

How do you create a list in HTML?May 06, 2025 am 12:01 AM

TocreatealistinHTML,useforunorderedlistsandfororderedlists:1)Forunorderedlists,wrapitemsinanduseforeachitem,renderingasabulletedlist.2)Fororderedlists,useandfornumberedlists,customizablewiththetypeattributefordifferentnumberingstyles.

HTML in Action: Examples of Website StructureMay 05, 2025 am 12:03 AM

HTML is used to build websites with clear structure. 1) Use tags such as, and define the website structure. 2) Examples show the structure of blogs and e-commerce websites. 3) Avoid common mistakes such as incorrect label nesting. 4) Optimize performance by reducing HTTP requests and using semantic tags.

How do you insert an image into an HTML page?May 04, 2025 am 12:02 AM

ToinsertanimageintoanHTMLpage,usethetagwithsrcandaltattributes.1)UsealttextforaccessibilityandSEO.2)Implementsrcsetforresponsiveimages.3)Applylazyloadingwithloading="lazy"tooptimizeperformance.4)OptimizeimagesusingtoolslikeImageOptimtoreduc

HTML's Purpose: Enabling Web Browsers to Display ContentMay 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM

The core purpose of HTML is to enable the browser to understand and display web content. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and content through tags, such as, to, etc. 2. HTML5 enhances multimedia support and introduces and tags. 3.HTML provides form elements to support user interaction. 4. Optimizing HTML code can improve web page performance, such as reducing HTTP requests and compressing HTML.

Why are HTML tags important for web development?May 02, 2025 am 12:03 AM

HTMLtagsareessentialforwebdevelopmentastheystructureandenhancewebpages.1)Theydefinelayout,semantics,andinteractivity.2)SemantictagsimproveaccessibilityandSEO.3)Properuseoftagscanoptimizeperformanceandensurecross-browsercompatibility.

Explain the importance of using consistent coding style for HTML tags and attributes.May 01, 2025 am 12:01 AM

A consistent HTML encoding style is important because it improves the readability, maintainability and efficiency of the code. 1) Use lowercase tags and attributes, 2) Keep consistent indentation, 3) Select and stick to single or double quotes, 4) Avoid mixing different styles in projects, 5) Use automation tools such as Prettier or ESLint to ensure consistency in styles.

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