html中的大部分的标签都有一些糟糕的样式,有的是标签天然自带的,有的是浏览器默认设置的,我们在写网页时,这些默认的样式就会时不时的跳出来捣一下乱,搞得我们很是无奈。所以成手在写css样式时,一般都会在开头写一段初始化程序,来去掉这些默认样式,比如最简单的方法就是使用*{margin:0;padding:0;}。但是通常我们很少使用这种方法,因为通配符*的效率极低。那我们应该使用哪种方法呢,下面博主就来为大家介绍一些常用的方法。
一、浏览器默认样式总结
在介绍初始化程序之前,我们先了解一下都有那些标签被设置了哪些默认样式,只有了解清楚了这些,我们才能更好的对标签样式初始化。
(一)、标签自带样式
//块级元素 html, body, div,ol, p, ul, h1, h2,h3,h4,h5, h6, address,blockquote, form, dd,dl, dt, fieldset, frame, frameset,noframes,center, dir, hr, menu, pre { display: block } //列表元素类 li{ display:list-item } ol{list-style-type: decimal } ol ul, ul ol,ul ul, ol ol { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 } ol, ul{ margin-left: 40px } //预格式文本类 i, cite, em,var, address{ font-style: italic } big{ font-size:1.17em } small, sub, sup{ font-size: .83em } sub{ vertical-align:sub } sup{ vertical-align:super } s, strike, del{ text-decoration: line-through } u, ins{ text-decoration:underline } //标题类 h1{ font-size:2em; margin: .67em 0 } h2{ font-size:1.5em; margin: .75em 0 } h3{ font-size:1.17em; margin: .83em 0 } h4, p,blockquote, ul,fieldset, form,ol, dl, dir,menu { margin: 1.12em 0} h5 { font-size:.83em; margin: 1.5em 0 } h6{ font-size:.75em; margin: 1.67em 0 } h1, h2, h3, h4,h5, h6, b,strong { font-weight: bolder } //伪类 br:before{ content: ”\A” } :before, :after{ white-space: pre-line } :link, :visited { text-decoration: underline } :focus{ outline: thin dotted invert } //表格类 table{ display: table } tr{ display:table-row } thead{ display:table-header-group } tbody{ display:table-row-group } tfoot{ display:table-footer-group } col{ display:table-column } colgroup{ display:table-column-group } td, th{ display: table-cell;} caption{ display: table-caption } th{font-weight: bolder; text-align: center } caption{ text-align: center } table{ border-spacing: 2px;} thead, tbody,tfoot { vertical-align:middle } td, th { vertical-align:inherit } //其它元素 head{ display: none } body{ margin: 8px;line-height: 1.12 } button, textarea,input, object,select { display:inline-block;} blockquote{ margin-left: 40px;margin-right: 40px } pre, tt, code,kbd, samp { font-family: monospace } pre{ white-space: pre} hr{ border: 1px inset } center{ text-align: center } abbr, acronym{ font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing:0.1em } BDO[DIR="ltr"] { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi:bidi-override } BDO[DIR="rtl"] { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi:bidi-override } /*定义BDO元素当其属性为DIR="ltr/rtl"时的默认文本读写显示顺序*/ *[DIR="ltr"]{ direction: ltr;unicode-bidi: embed } *[DIR="rtl"] { direction: rtl;unicode-bidi: embed } /*定义任何元素当其属性为DIR="rtl/rtl"时的默认文本读写显示顺序*/ @media print { h1{page-break-before: always } h1, h2, h3,h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid } ul, ol, dl{ page-break-before: avoid } } /*定义标题和列表默认的打印样式*/
(二)、浏览默认样式类
不同的浏览器默认的样式可能不尽相同,所以开发时的第一件事可能就是如何把它们统一。如果没对CSS初始化往往会出现浏览器之间的页面差异。
1.页边距
IE默认为10px,通过body的margin
属性设置
FF默认为8px,通过body的padding
属性设置
2.段间距
IE默认为19px,通过p的margin-top
属性设置
FF默认为1.12em,通过p的margin-bottom
属性设
3.标题样式
h1~h6默认加粗显示:font-weight:bold;
。
默认大小请参上表
还有是这样的写的
<span style="color: #000000;">h1 {font-size:xx-large;} h2 {font-size:x-large;} h3 {font-size:large;} h4 {font-size:medium;} h5 {font-size:small;} h6 {font-size:x-small;}</span>
4.列表样式
IE默认为40px,通过ul、ol的margin属性设置
FF默认为40px,通过ul、ol的padding属性设置
dl无缩进,但起内部的说明元素dd默认缩进40px,而名称元素dt没有缩进。
5.元素居中
IE默认为text-align:center;
FF默认为margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;
6.超链接样式
a 样式默认带有下划线,显示颜色为蓝色,被访问过的超链接变紫色
7.鼠标样式
IE默认为cursor:hand;
FF默认为cursor:pointer;
该声明在IE中也有效
8.图片链接样式
IE默认为紫色2px的边框线
FF默认为蓝色2px的边框线
二、css初始化程序
博主总结了一些初始化的代码,博友们可以参考一下,具体使用时可以适当地删减一些。
<span style="color: #000000;">@charset "UTF-8"; /*css 初始化 */ html, body, ul, li, ol, dl, dd, dt, p, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, form, fieldset, legend, img { margin: 0; padding: 0; } fieldset, img, input, button { border: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; outline-style: none; } ul, ol { list-style: none; } input { padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font-family: "SimSun", "宋体"; } select, input { vertical-align: middle; } select, input, textarea { font-size: 12px; margin: 0; } textarea { resize: none; } /*防止拖动*/ img { border: 0; vertical-align: middle; } /* 去掉图片低测默认的3像素空白缝隙*/ table { border-collapse: collapse; } body { font: 12px/150% Arial, Verdana, "\5b8b\4f53"; color: #666; background: #fff } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; font-size: 100%; } s, i, em { font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; }</span>

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