Laravel 中使用数据库事务实现多模型原子性插入与更新-php教程-PHP中文网

Laravel 中使用数据库事务实现多模型原子性插入与更新

在 Laravel 控制器中批量操作多个模型时，需确保所有写入操作要么全部成功、要么全部回滚，避免数据不一致；通过 DB::beginTransaction()、commit() 和 rollback() 可实现强一致性事务控制。

在 laravel 控制器中批量操作多个模型时，需确保所有写入操作要么全部成功、要么全部回滚，避免数据不一致；通过 db::begintransaction()、commit() 和 rollback() 可实现强一致性事务控制。

当一个业务逻辑涉及多个模型（如 Loan、AssignLoan、TransactionReport 等）的创建或更新时，若中间某一步失败（例如验证异常、外键约束冲突、字段超长、SMS 接口调用前 DB 已出错等），而此前的模型已成功保存，就会导致数据状态不一致——这正是你当前代码面临的核心问题。

Laravel 提供了原生的数据库事务支持，可完美解决该场景。关键在于：将所有 Eloquent 操作包裹在事务块中，并统一捕获异常触发回滚。

以下是重构后的 store 方法示例（已整合事务、优化可读性并增强健壮性）：

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $this->authorize('loans.create');

    $validated = $this->validate($request, [
        'loan_id'         => 'required|numeric',
        'received_by'     => 'required|string|max:100',
        'received_amount' => 'required|numeric|min:0',
        'deposit'         => 'nullable|numeric|min:0',
        'deposit_1'       => 'nullable|numeric|min:0',
        'installments'    => 'required|numeric|min:1',
        'date'            => 'required|date',
        'total_amount'    => 'required|numeric|min:0',
    ]);

    try {
        DB::beginTransaction();

        // 1. 创建 Loan 记录
        $loan = Loan::create([
            'loan_id'         => $validated['loan_id'],
            'received_by'     => $validated['received_by'],
            'received_amount' => $validated['received_amount'],
            'deposit'         => $validated['deposit'] ?? 0,
            'deposit_1'       => $validated['deposit_1'] ?? 0,
            'installments'    => $validated['installments'],
            'date'            => $validated['date'],
            'Txn'             => Str::random(10),
            'total_amount'    => $validated['total_amount'],
            'somity_id'       => auth()->user()->mst_somity_id,
            'is_active'       => 1,
        ]);

        // 2. 更新 AssignLoan（需确保存在）
        $assignLoan = AssignLoan::findOrFail($validated['loan_id']);
        $assignLoan->deposit += ($validated['deposit'] ?? 0);
        $assignLoan->deposit_1 += ($validated['deposit_1'] ?? 0);
        $assignLoan->paid_amount += $validated['received_amount'];
        $assignLoan->remaining_amount = $assignLoan->total_amount - $validated['received_amount'];
        $assignLoan->save();

        // 3. 创建 TransactionReport
        $customer_id = $assignLoan->customer_id ?? null;
        if (!$customer_id) {
            throw new \Exception('关联客户信息缺失，无法生成交易报告');
        }

        TransactionReport::create([
            'transaction_type'         => 'loan_received',
            'customer_id'              => $customer_id,
            'transaction_description'  => 'loan received with deposit',
            'transaction_method'       => 'cash',
            'transaction_amount'       => $validated['total_amount'],
            'transaction_date'         => $validated['date'],
            'transaction_time'         => now()->format('H:i:s'),
            'transaction_by'           => $validated['received_by'],
            'somity_id'                => auth()->user()->mst_somity_id,
            'created_user_id'          => auth()->id(),
            'is_loan_diposite'         => $loan->id,
            'Txn'                      => $loan->Txn,
        ]);

        // ✅ 所有操作成功 → 提交事务
        DB::commit();

        // 4. 发送短信（注意：此操作应在事务外执行，避免阻塞或引入非 DB 依赖）
        $this->sendLoanSms($assignLoan, $validated);

        $notification = [
            'message'    => '贷款记录添加成功',
            'alert-type' => 'success'
        ];

        return redirect()->route('loan.index')->with($notification);

    } catch (\Exception $e) {
        // ❌ 任一环节失败 → 回滚所有已执行的 DB 操作
        DB::rollBack();

        \Log::error('Loan store transaction failed', [
            'exception' => $e->getMessage(),
            'trace'     => $e->getTraceAsString()
        ]);

        $notification = [
            'message'    => '操作失败：' . $e->getMessage(),
            'alert-type' => 'error'
        ];

        return back()->with($notification)->withInput();
    }
}

// 抽离短信逻辑（事务外执行，更安全）
protected function sendLoanSms($assignLoan, $data)
{
    $adminSettings = AdminSeetings::where('somity_id', auth()->user()->mst_somity_id)->first();
    if (!$adminSettings || $adminSettings->automatic_sms != 1) return;

    $smsPackage = SmsPackageAssignToSomity::where('somity_id', auth()->user()->mst_somity_id)->first();
    if (!$smsPackage || $smsPackage->remaining_sms customer->customer_phone ?? null;
    if (!$customerPhone) return;

    $message = "您的贷款编号：{$assignLoan->loan_number}，已收款 {$data['received_amount']} Tk，剩余应还 {$assignLoan->remaining_amount} Tk。";

    // 扣减短信余额（此处也建议加锁或使用乐观锁防止并发超发）
    $smsPackage->decrement('remaining_sms');
    $smsPackage->increment('use_sms');
    $smsPackage->save();

    // 实际调用短信网关（建议改用队列异步处理）
    $url = "https://bulksms.aloitltd.com/services/send.php?key=" . env('API_KEY')
         . "&number={$customerPhone}&message=" . urlencode($message)
         . "&option=" . env('OPTION') . "&type=" . env('TYPE') . "&prioritize=" . env('PRIORITIZE');

    // 注意：此处不应直接 return Redirect::to($url)，会中断流程；应使用 HTTP 客户端发起请求
    // 可考虑使用 Guzzle 或 Laravel 的 Http Facade 异步调用
}

✅ 关键改进说明：