css selector

css reference manual: css.doyoe.com

In css3, different browsers may require different prefixes, which means that the css attribute or rule has not yet become part of the W3C standard and is a private property of the browser, although newer versions of browsers currently do not require prefixes Yes, but the prefix is ​​still indispensable for better forward compatibility

-webkit represents chrome and safari private properties

-moz represents firefox browser private properties

-ms represents IE browser private properties

-o represents opera browser private properties

css syntax structure

CSS syntax consists of three parts: selector, attribute, value

Selector{Property:Value;}

↓ ↓ ↓

Selector Attribute Value

Three ways to introduce css

1. Inline style
2. Internal style sheet
3. External style sheet

Priority levels of the three introduction methods (proximity principle)

Inline styles > Internal style sheets > External style sheets

But !important can change their priority

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="content"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="color:red;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>把我变成蓝色的字体<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    .content</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> blue !important</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

css code comments
start with /* and end with */

Wildcard selector

The

* symbol represents all objects. The so-called wildcard selector means that objects can be selected and styled using fuzzy designation

<span style="font-size: 13px;">*{ margin:0; padding:0;}</span>

Element selector

The so-called element selector refers to the selector that uses the existing tag name in the web page as its name

<span style="color: #000000; font-size: 13px;">body{ background:#fff;}
h1{ color:#000;}
p{ color:#ccc;}</span>

Group selector

In addition to specifying styles for a single label, you can also define the same style for a group of labels

Use commas to separate selectors, and only need to write the style once if you need to use the same style on the page

<span style="color: #000000; font-size: 13px;">h1,h2,h3,p{
  font-size:12px;
  font-family:arial;    
}</span>

Relationship selector

Contains selector (E F)Selects all F elements contained by E elements

Child selector (E>F)selects all F elements that are child elements of E

Adjacent selector (E+F)Selects the F element immediately after the E element

Brother selector (E～F)Select all brother elements of E element F

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>背景色是#E61061<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>背景色是#67B374<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></</span><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>背景色是#0000FF<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>背景色是#808080<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>背景色是#808080<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="text/css"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
div>a</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#E61061</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
span a</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#67B374</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
p~p</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#808080</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
div+p</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> background</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#0000FF</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

id and class selector

The id selector is defined with "#". The id selector can specify a specific style for the html element marked with a specific id. Each id name can only be used once and must not be repeated

The class selector is defined with ".". Unlike id, class allows reuse. For example, multiple elements on the page can all use the same style definition

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="p1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>这是一个段落<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
#p1{
font-size:12px;
font-weight:bold;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="p2"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>这是一个段落<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
.p2 {
font-size:12px;
font-weight:bold;
}</span></span>

伪类选择符

E:link 设置超链接a在未被访问前的样式

E:visited 设置超链接a在其链接地址已被访问过时的样式

E:hover 设置元素在其鼠标悬停时的样式

E:active 设置元素在被用户激活(在鼠标点击与释放之间发生的事件)时的样式

注意，hover必须位于link和visited之后，active必须位于hover之后

可靠的顺序是：(link)(visited)(hover)(active)

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>点我<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    a</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">text-decoration</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> none</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> font-size</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 50px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    a:link</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    a:visited</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> #ccc</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    a:hover</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> red</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    a:active</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> blue</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

E:focus 设置元素在成为输入焦点(该元素的onfocus事件发生)时的样式

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">input </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="text"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    input:focus</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> outline</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid red</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">none</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

E:first-child 匹配父元素的第一个子元素E

E:last-child 匹配父元素的最后一个子元素E

E:only-child 匹配父元素仅有的一个子元素E

E:nth-child(n) 匹配父元素的第n个子元素E

E:nth-last-child(n) 匹配父元素的倒数第n个子元素E

E:first-of-type 匹配同类型中的第一个同级兄弟元素E

E:last-of-type 匹配同类型中的最后一个同级兄弟元素E

E:only-of-type 匹配同类型中的唯一的一个同级兄弟元素E

E:nth-of-type(n) 匹配同类型中的第n个同级兄弟元素E

E:nth-last-of-type(n) 匹配同类型中的倒数第n个同级兄弟元素E

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">ul </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="list"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>这是第1项列表<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>这是第2项列表<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>这是第3项列表<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>这是第4项列表<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>这是第5项列表<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#list li</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> border-bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid #ccc</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#list li:first-child</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> font-weight</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> bold</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#list li:last-child</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> border-bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> none</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#list li:nth-child(2)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> red</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#list li:nth-last-child(2)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> blue</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

E:checked 匹配用户界面上处于选中状态的元素E(用于input type为radio与checkbox时)

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">input </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="radio"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="num"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">1
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">input </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="radio"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="num"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">2
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">input </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="radio"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="num"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">3
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    input:checked</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

E:lang(fr) 匹配使用特殊语言的元素E。很少用

E:not(s) 匹配不含有s选择符的元素E

E:root 匹配E元素在文档的根元素。常指html元素

E:empty 匹配没有任何子元素(包括text节点)的元素E

E:enabled 匹配用户界面上处于可用状态的元素E

E:disabled 匹配用户界面上处于禁用状态的元素E

E:target 匹配相关URL指向的元素E

<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#nav1"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航一<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#nav2"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav2"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航二<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#nav3"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav3"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航三<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    a</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> text-decoration</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> none</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
    a:target</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> red</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span> <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>