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Nginx Rewrite rules and related instructions

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1.break command
Default value: none; Usage environment: server, location, if;
The function of this instruction is to complete the current rule set and no longer process the rewrite instruction.
2.if instruction
Default value: none; usage environment: server, location
This instruction is used to check whether a condition is met. If the condition is met, execute the statement within the curly brackets. If instructions do not support nesting, multiple conditions && and || processing are not supported.

<code>* A.变量名,错误的值包括:空字符串""或者任何以0开始的字符串

* B.变量比较可以使用"="(表示等于)和"!="(表示不等于)

* C.正则表达式模式匹配可以使用"~*"和"~"符号

* D."~"符号表示区分大小写字母的匹配

* E."~*"符号表示不区分大小写字母的匹配

* F."!~"和"!~*"符号的作用刚好和"~"、"~*"相反,表示不匹配

* G."-f"和"!-f"用来判断文件是否存在

* H."-d"和"!-d"用来判断目录是否存在

* I."-e"和"!-e"用来判断文件或目录是否存在

* J."-x"和"!-x"用来判断文件是否为可执行

* 
</code>

K. Some regular expressions can be accessed within () with 19
Supplement:
Explanation of global variable parameters of nginx:
arg_PARAMETER #This variable contains the value of the variable PARAMETER in the GET request if there is one. args #This variable is equal to the parameters in the request line (GET request), such as foo=123&bar=blahblah;
binary_remote_addr#Binary customer address. body_bytes_sent#The number of body bytes sent in response. This data is accurate even if the connection is interrupted.
content_length#Content-length field in the request header. content_type#Content-Type field in the request header.
cookie_COOKIE#The value of the cookie COOKIE variabledocument_root#The current request is the value specified in the root directive.
document_uri# is the same as uri.
host#Request host header field, otherwise it is the server name. hostname#Set to the machine's hostname as returned by gethostname
http H EADERis_args#If any ar gsginsengcount, This changeamountetc ? ,Nothenetc in , empty worth.http_user_agent#客户端agent信息
http_cookie#客户端cookie信息limit_rate#这个变量可以限制连接速率。
query_string#与args相同。
request_body_file#客户端请求主体信息的临时文件名。request_method#客户端请求的动作,通常为GET或POST。
remote_addr#客户端的IP地址。remote_port#客户端的端口。
remote_user#已经经过Auth Basic Module验证的用户名。request_completion#如果请求结束,设置为OK. 当请求未结束或如果该请求不是请求链串的最后一个时,为空(Empty)。
request_method#GET或POSTrequest_filename#当前请求的文件路径,由root或alias指令与URI请求生成。
request_uri#包含请求参数的原始URI,不包含主机名,如:”/foo/bar.php?arg=baz”。不能修改。scheme#HTTP方法(如http,https)。
server_protocol#请求使用的协议,通常是HTTP/1.0或HTTP/1.1。server_addr#服务器地址,在完成一次系统调用后可以确定这个值。
server_name#服务器名称。server_port#请求到达服务器的端口号。
uri#不带请求参数的当前URI,uri不包含主机名,如”/foo/bar.html”。该值有可能和requesturirequest_uri是浏览器发过来的值。该值是rewrite后的值。例如做了internal redirects后。

3.return指令
语法:return code ;使用环境:server,location,if ;
该指令用于结束规则的执行并返回状态码给客户端。
示例:如果访问的URL以”.sh”或”.bash”结尾,则返回403状态码
location ~ .*.(sh|bash)?$
{
return 403;
}

<code> 4.rewrite 指令
</code>

语法:rewrite regex replacement flag
默认值:none ; 使用环境:server,location,if
该指令根据表达式来重定向URI,或者修改字符串。指令根据配置文件中的顺序来执行。注意重写表达式只对相对路径有效。If you want to pair hostnames, you should use if statement, example is as follows:
if( host ?www.(.?))set$hostwithoutwww$1;rewrite(.?)$http://$hostwithoutwww$1permanent;rewriteflagflag1.lastwhen inapache ri noodles of [L]mark Memory, Tableshowrewri te.2.break strip regulations thenPImatchfinish After becoming ,Endstop Pimatch , no againpi withafter Noodles of regulations then .3.redirect BackBack 302prowhenheavy Ding to , browse browseware address willshowshow jumpturn After of URL address .4 BackBack 301 SET to , browsebrowse Addresswillshowshow jumpturn After of URL Address .make with last and br eakrealnowURI Heavy Write, BrowseView ware AddressbarNo changes.andandtwo have ThinMicroDifferenceDon’t , make refers to with alias ordermust must use last marknote ;make with prox yp ass refers toorder when, need wantmakeuse break marknote.Lastmarknote barrewriteregulations hold OKfinished After , will to its at servermark Sign HeavyNewFatUp pleaseplease , and break marknote thenin stripsregulationsrulespi withEnd into after , Endstop Pimatch.likein Follow loc ation(loc atio n/) or Directpick up inservermark Sign EditedWrittenrewri teregulation then, recommendedrecommended use lastmarknote ; at nonrootlocat ion (location/ cms/ ), then use brea k.such asfruitURI containing There areginsengcount( /app /test.php?id =5) , silent recognize conditiondown ginsengcountwill was from MoveAttachAdd to substitutechange skewers on, Youcan passed through ?rewrite/test(.?) http://www.tiyee.net/home permanent;

访问http://www.tiyee.net/test?id=5 会跳转到 http://www.tiyee.net/home?id=5
例如:如果我们将类似URL /photo/123456 重定向到 /path/to/photo/12/1234/123456.png
Rewrite “/photo/([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})” /path/to/photo/1/12/123.png ;

<code>   注:如果正则表达式里面有花括号"{"或"}" ,应该使用双引号或单引号。
</code>

5.Set指令
语法:set variable value ; 默认值:none ; 使用环境:server,location,if;
该指令用于定义一个变量,并给变量赋值。变量的值可以为文本、变量以及文本变量的联合。
示例:set $varname “hello world”;
6.Uninitialized_variable_warn指令
语法:uninitialized_variable_warn on|off
使用环境:http,server,location,if
该指令用于开启和关闭未初始化变量的警告信息,默认值为开启。

Nginx的Rewrite规则编写实例
1.当访问的文件和目录不存在时,重定向到某个php文件
if( !-e request_filename )  
{  
rewrite ^/(.*)
index.php last;
}

2.目录对换 /123456/xxxx ====> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /2?id=1 last;

3.如果客户端使用的是IE浏览器,则重定向到/ie目录下
if( http_user_agent  ~ MSIE)  
{  
rewrite ^(.*)
/ie/$1 break;
}

4.禁止访问多个目录
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/
{
deny all;
break;
}

5.禁止访问以/data开头的文件
location ~ ^/data
{
deny all;
}

6.禁止访问以.sh,.flv,.mp3为文件后缀名的文件
location ~ .*.(sh|flv|mp3)$
{
return 403;
}

7.设置某些类型文件的浏览器缓存时间
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)expires30d;location .?.(js|css)
{
expires 1h;
}

8.给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
location ~(favicon.ico) {

log_not_found off;

expires 99d;

break;

}
location ~(robots.txt) {

log_not_found off;

expires 7d;

break;

}
9.设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {

access_log off;

root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

expires 600;

break;

}

10.文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://img.tiyee.net/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {

valid_referers none blocked .c1gstudio.com .c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;

if ($invalid_referer) {

rewrite ^/ http://img.tiyee.net/leech.gif;

return 412;

break;

}

access_log off;

root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

expires 3d;

break;

}

11.只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
root /opt/htdocs/www;

allow 208.97.167.194;

allow 222.33.1.2;

allow 231.152.49.4;

deny all;

auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;

auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

12将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html/job/1/2/jobshow_3.html last;

13.将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)/area/1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/area/1/ last;

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)/area/1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,

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