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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP中判断变量为空的几种方法小结_php技巧

1. isset功能:判断变量是否被初始化

说明:它并不会判断变量是否为空,并且可以用来判断数组中元素是否被定义过
注意:当使用isset来判断数组元素是否被初始化过时,它的效率比array_key_exists高4倍左右

复制代码 代码如下:

$a = '';
$a['c'] = '';
if (!isset($a)) echo '$a 未被初始化' . "";
if (!isset($b)) echo '$b 未被初始化' . "";
if (isset($a['c'])) echo '$a 已经被初始化' . "";
// 显示结果为
// $b 未被初始化
// $a 已经被初始化

2. empty功能:检测变量是否为"空"

说明:任何一个未初始化的变量、值为 0 或 false 或 空字符串"" 或 null的变量、空数组、没有任何属性的对象,都将判断为empty==true
注意1:未初始化的变量也能被empty检测为"空"
注意2:empty只能检测变量,而不能检测语句

复制代码 代码如下:

$a = 0;
$b = '';
$c = array();
if (empty($a)) echo '$a 为空' . "";
if (empty($b)) echo '$b 为空' . "";
if (empty($c)) echo '$c 为空' . "";
if (empty($d)) echo '$d 为空' . "";

3. var == null功能:判断变量是否为"空"

说明:值为 0 或 false 或 空字符串"" 或 null的变量、空数组、都将判断为 null
注意:与empty的显著不同就是:变量未初始化时 var == null 将会报错。

复制代码 代码如下:

$a = 0;
$b = array();
if ($a == null) echo '$a 为空' . "";
if ($b == null) echo '$b 为空' . "";
if ($c == null) echo '$b 为空' . "";
// 显示结果为
// $a 为空
// $b 为空
// Undefined variable: c

4. is_null功能:检测变量是否为"null"

说明:当变量被赋值为"null"时,检测结果为true
注意1:null不区分大小写:$a = null; $a = NULL 没有任何区别
注意2:仅在变量的值为"null"时,检测结果才为true,0、空字符串、false、空数组都检测为false
注意3:变量未初始化时,程序将会报错

复制代码 代码如下:

$a = null;
$b = false;
if (is_null($a)) echo '$a 为NULL' . "";
if (is_null($b)) echo '$b 为NULL' . "";
if (is_null($c)) echo '$c 为NULL' . "";
// 显示结果为
// $a 为NULL
// Undefined variable: c

5. var === null功能:检测变量是否为"null",同时变量的类型也必须是"null"

说明:当变量被赋值为"null"时,同时变量的类型也是"null"时,检测结果为true
注意1:在判断为"null"上,全等于和is_null的作用相同
注意2:变量未初始化时,程序将会报错

总结PHP中,"NULL" 和 "空" 是2个概念。

isset  主要用来判断变量是否被初始化过
empty  可以将值为 "假"、"空"、"0"、"NULL"、"未初始化" 的变量都判断为TRUE
is_null  仅把值为 "NULL" 的变量判断为TRUE
var == null  把值为 "假"、"空"、"0"、"NULL" 的变量都判断为TRUE
var === null  仅把值为 "NULL" 的变量判断为TRUE

所以我们在判断一个变量是否真正为"NULL"时,大多使用 is_null,从而避免"false"、"0"等值的干扰。

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