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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP echo,print,printf,sprintf函数之间的区别与用法详解_php技巧

1. echo函数:

输出函数,是命令,不能返回值。echo后面可以跟很多个参数,之间用分号隔开,如:
echo $myvar1;
echo 1,2,$myvar,"bold";


2. print函数:

是函数,可以返回一个值,只能有一个参数。

int print ( string arg )

Outputs arg . Returns 1 , always.


3. printf函数:

int printf ( string format [, mixed args [, mixed ...]] )

Produces output according to format , which is described in the documentation for sprintf() .

Returns the length of the outputted string.


把文字格式化以后输出,如:
$name="hunte";
$age=25;
printf("my name is %s, age %d", $name, $age);


4. sprintf函数:
string sprintf ( string format [, mixed args [, mixed ...]] )

Returns a string produced according to the formatting string format .


跟printf相似,但不打印,而是返回格式化后的文字,其他的与printf一样。


5. 详细讲解printf()函数:

printf()函数的调用格式为:
printf("", );


%d 十进制有符号整数
%u 十进制无符号整数
%f 浮点数
%s 字符串
%c 单个字符
%p 指针的值
%e 指数形式的浮点数
%x, %X 无符号以十六进制表示的整数
%o 无符号以八进制表示的整数
%g 自动选择合适的表示法


说明:

(1). 可以在"%"和字母之间插进数字表示最大场宽。

 ①例如: %3d 表示输出3位整型数, 不够3位右对齐。

 ②%9.2f 表示输出场宽为9的浮点数, 其中小数位为2, 整数位为6, 小数点占一位, 不够9位右对齐。

 ③%8s 表示输出8个字符的字符串, 不够8个字符右对齐。

 ④如果字符串的长度、或整型数位数超过说明的场宽, 将按其实际长度输出。

 ⑤浮点数, 若整数部分位数超过了说明的整数位宽度, 将按实际整数位输出;

 ⑥小数部分位数超过了说明的小数位宽度, 则按说明的宽度以四舍五入输出。

 ⑦若想在输出值前加一些0, 就应在场宽项前加个0。

   例如: %04d 表示在输出一个小于4位的数值时, 将在前面补0使其总宽度为4位。

  ⑧如果用浮点数表示字符或整型量的输出格式, 小数点后的数字代表最大宽度, 小数点前的数字代表最小宽度。

   例如: %6.9s 表示显示一个长度不小于6且不大于9的字符串。若大于9, 则第9个字符以后的内容将被删除。


(2). 可以在"%"和字母之间加小写字母l, 表示输出的是长型数。

   ①例如: %ld 表示输出long整数

   ②%lf 表示输出double浮点数


(3). 可以控制输出左对齐或右对齐, 即在"%"和字母之间加入一个"-" 号可说明输出为左对齐, 否则为右对齐。

  ①例如: %-7d 表示输出7位整数左对齐

  ②%-10s 表示输出10个字符左对齐


(4). 一些特殊规定字符

    ①/n 换行
  ②/f 清屏并换页
  ③/r 回车
  ④/t Tab符
  ⑤/xhh 表示一个ASCII码用16进表示,
  ⑥其中hh是1到2个16进制数

6. printf() : examples

例1: various examples

复制代码 代码如下:

$n =  43951789; 
$u = -43951789; 
$c = 65; // ASCII 65 is 'A' 

// notice the double %%, this prints a literal '%' character 
printf("%%b = '%b'/n", $n); // binary representation 
printf("%%c = '%c'/n", $c); // print the ascii character, same as chr() function 
printf("%%d = '%d'/n", $n); // standard integer representation 
printf("%%e = '%e'/n", $n); // scientific notation 
printf("%%u = '%u'/n", $n); // unsigned integer representation of a positive integer 
printf("%%u = '%u'/n", $u); // unsigned integer representation of a negative integer 
printf("%%f = '%f'/n", $n); // floating point representation 
printf("%%o = '%o'/n", $n); // octal representation 
printf("%%s = '%s'/n", $n); // string representation 
printf("%%x = '%x'/n", $n); // hexadecimal representation (lower-case) 
printf("%%X = '%X'/n", $n); // hexadecimal representation (upper-case) 

printf("%%+d = '%+d'/n", $n); // sign specifier on a positive integer 
printf("%%+d = '%+d'/n", $u); // sign specifier on a negative integer 
?>  

 

The printout of this program would be:  
%b = '10100111101010011010101101' 
%c = 'A' 
%d = '43951789' 
%e = '4.39518e+7' 
%u = '43951789' 
%u = '4251015507' 
%f = '43951789.000000' 
%o = '247523255' 
%s = '43951789' 
%x = '29ea6ad' 
%X = '29EA6AD' 
%+d = '+43951789' 
%+d = '-43951789'

例2: string specifiers
复制代码 代码如下:

$s = 'monkey'; 
$t = 'many monkeys'; 

printf("[%s]/n",      $s); // standard string output 
printf("[%10s]/n",    $s); // right-justification with spaces 
printf("[%-10s]/n",   $s); // left-justification with spaces 
printf("[%010s]/n",   $s); // zero-padding works on strings too 
printf("[%'#10s]/n",  $s); // use the custom padding character '#' 
printf("[%10.10s]/n", $t); // left-justification but with a cutoff of 10 characters 
?>  

The printout of this program would be:  
[monkey] 
[    monkey] 
[monkey    ] 
[0000monkey] 
[####monkey] 
[many monke]

例3:zero-padded integers
复制代码 代码如下:

$isodate = sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d", $year, $month, $day); 
?> 

例4:formatting currency
复制代码 代码如下:

$money1 = 68.75; 
$money2 = 54.35; 
$money = $money1 + $money2; 
// echo $money will output "123.1"; 
$formatted = sprintf("%01.2f", $money); 
// echo $formatted will output "123.10" 
?>

例5: sprintf() : scientific notation
复制代码 代码如下:

$number = 362525200; 

echo sprintf("%.3e", $number); // outputs 3.63e+8 
?> 
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