Problems caused by using references in foreach

No more nonsense, just look at the following code:

<code><span>$arr</span> = <span>array</span>(<span>'a'</span>,<span>'b'</span>,<span>'c'</span>,<span>'d'</span>);
     <span>foreach</span>(<span>$arr</span><span>as</span> &<span>$v</span>){}

     <span>foreach</span>(<span>$arr</span><span>as</span><span>$v</span>){
          var_dump(<span>$v</span>);
     }</code>

After running, the results are as follows:

<code><span>string</span><span>'a'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
<span>string</span><span>'b'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
<span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
<span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)    <span> //这里为什么是c呢？</span></code>

We will be surprised, why is the last one c instead of d?

In fact, the reason is very simple. After the first loop ends, the variable v becomes a reference to arr[3]. Therefore, when foreach is used for the second time, the value-passing method is used. This method actually traverses the value of variable arr, and then assigns the value to variable v, because variable v is a reference to arr[3] at this time. , so assigning the value to variable v is actually assigning it to arr[3].

Let’s change the code:

<code><span>$arr</span> = <span>array</span>(<span>'a'</span>,<span>'b'</span>,<span>'c'</span>,<span>'d'</span>);
     <span>foreach</span>(<span>$arr</span><span>as</span> &<span>$v</span>){}

     <span>foreach</span>(<span>$arr</span><span>as</span><span>$v</span>){
          var_dump(<span>$arr</span>);<span>//这里把变量$arr打印出来</span>
     }</code>

After running it, we will find:

<code>array (size=<span>4</span>)
  <span>0</span> => <span>string</span><span>'a'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>1</span> => <span>string</span><span>'b'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>2</span> => <span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>3</span> => &<span>string</span><span>'a'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
array (size=<span>4</span>)
  <span>0</span> => <span>string</span><span>'a'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>1</span> => <span>string</span><span>'b'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>2</span> => <span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>3</span> => &<span>string</span><span>'b'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
array (size=<span>4</span>)
  <span>0</span> => <span>string</span><span>'a'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>1</span> => <span>string</span><span>'b'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>2</span> => <span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>3</span> => &<span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
array (size=<span>4</span>)
  <span>0</span> => <span>string</span><span>'a'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>1</span> => <span>string</span><span>'b'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>2</span> => <span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)
  <span>3</span> => &<span>string</span><span>'c'</span> (<span>length</span>=<span>1</span>)</code>

It can be found that the value of arr[3] keeps changing.

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The above introduces the problems caused by using references in foreach, including aspects of it. I hope it will be helpful to friends who are interested in PHP tutorials.