PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension defines a lightweight, consistent interface for PHP to access databases.
<code><span><span><?php </span><span>try</span> { <span>$dsn</span> = <span>"mysql:host=localhost; port=3306; dbname=wsq_hotel; charset=utf-8"</span>; <span>$user</span> = <span>'root'</span>; <span>$psw</span> =<span>'root'</span>; <span>$pdo</span> = <span>new</span> PDO(<span>$dsn</span>,<span>$user</span>,<span>$psw</span>); <span>$sql</span> = <span>'select goods_prices from wsq_goods_info where goods_id=2'</span>; <span>// $sql = "show database";</span><span>$res</span> = <span>$pdo</span>->query(<span>$sql</span>) <span>or</span> var_dump(<span>$pdo</span>->errorInfo()); <span>// var_dump($res);</span><span>$mon</span> = <span>$res</span>->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); <span>echo</span><span>$mon</span>[<span>'goods_price'</span>]; } <span>catch</span> (PDOException <span>$e</span>) { <span>echo</span><span>$e</span>->getMessage(); } <span>?></span></span></span></code>
PDO operation transaction
<code><span>//开启事务</span><span>beginTransacition()</span><span>//回滚</span><span>rollback()</span><span>//提交</span><span>commit()</span><span>//判断是否处于事务之中</span><span>inTransaction()</span></code>
Returns the ID of the last inserted row
PDO::lastInsertID()
exec() execution
Compared with query(), exec() returns the number of affected rows
<code><span>$sql</span> = <span>"insert into table values('<span>$val</span>')"</span>; <span>if</span>(<span>false</span>===<span>$pdo</span>-><span>exec</span>(<span>$sql</span>)){ <span>echo</span><span>'执行失败'</span>; }</code>').addClass('pre-numbering').hide(); $(this).addClass('has-numbering').parent().append($numbering); for (i = 1; i ').text(i)); }; $numbering.fadeIn(1700); }); });
The above is an introduction to PDO in PHP, including aspects of it. I hope it will be helpful to friends who are interested in PHP tutorials.

In PHP, you can use session_status() or session_id() to check whether the session has started. 1) Use the session_status() function. If PHP_SESSION_ACTIVE is returned, the session has been started. 2) Use the session_id() function, if a non-empty string is returned, the session has been started. Both methods can effectively check the session state, and choosing which method to use depends on the PHP version and personal preferences.

Sessionsarevitalinwebapplications,especiallyfore-commerceplatforms.Theymaintainuserdataacrossrequests,crucialforshoppingcarts,authentication,andpersonalization.InFlask,sessionscanbeimplementedusingsimplecodetomanageuserloginsanddatapersistence.

Managing concurrent session access in PHP can be done by the following methods: 1. Use the database to store session data, 2. Use Redis or Memcached, 3. Implement a session locking strategy. These methods help ensure data consistency and improve concurrency performance.

PHPsessionshaveseverallimitations:1)Storageconstraintscanleadtoperformanceissues;2)Securityvulnerabilitieslikesessionfixationattacksexist;3)Scalabilityischallengingduetoserver-specificstorage;4)Sessionexpirationmanagementcanbeproblematic;5)Datapersis

Load balancing affects session management, but can be resolved with session replication, session stickiness, and centralized session storage. 1. Session Replication Copy session data between servers. 2. Session stickiness directs user requests to the same server. 3. Centralized session storage uses independent servers such as Redis to store session data to ensure data sharing.

Sessionlockingisatechniqueusedtoensureauser'ssessionremainsexclusivetooneuseratatime.Itiscrucialforpreventingdatacorruptionandsecuritybreachesinmulti-userapplications.Sessionlockingisimplementedusingserver-sidelockingmechanisms,suchasReentrantLockinJ

Alternatives to PHP sessions include Cookies, Token-based Authentication, Database-based Sessions, and Redis/Memcached. 1.Cookies manage sessions by storing data on the client, which is simple but low in security. 2.Token-based Authentication uses tokens to verify users, which is highly secure but requires additional logic. 3.Database-basedSessions stores data in the database, which has good scalability but may affect performance. 4. Redis/Memcached uses distributed cache to improve performance and scalability, but requires additional matching

Sessionhijacking refers to an attacker impersonating a user by obtaining the user's sessionID. Prevention methods include: 1) encrypting communication using HTTPS; 2) verifying the source of the sessionID; 3) using a secure sessionID generation algorithm; 4) regularly updating the sessionID.


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