nginx infrastructure

Key constraints in web server design

Performance

Network performance, single request latency, network efficiency

Scalability

Simplicity

Modability

Evolvability, scalability, Customizability, configurability, reusability

Visibility

The extent to which the operation of key components can be monitored

Portability

Reliability

nginx’s architectural design

Excellent modular design

Highly abstract module interface

All modules follow the same ngx_module_t interface design specification. This approach brings good simplicity, static scalability, and reusability

The module interface is very simple and highly flexible

The basic interface ngx_module_t of the module is simple enough and only involves module initialization, exit and processing of configuration items
The ngx_module_t structure is a common interface for all modules. It only defines init_master, init_module, init_process, init_thread, exit_thread, exit_process, and exit_master;
The commands array of type ngx_command_t specifies how the module handles configuration items.

Design of configuration module

ngx_conf_module provides high availability, high scalability, high customizability, and high scalability

Simplification of the core module interface

The official core type module has a total of 6 specific modules: ngx_core_module , ngx_errlog_module, ngx_events_module, ngx_openssl_module, ngx_http_module, ngx_mail_module

Multi-level, multi-category module design

Event-driven architecture

nginx will not use processes or threads as event consumers. The so-called event consumer can only be a certain module.

Multi-stage asynchronous processing of requests

Decompose the blocking method into two stages according to the relevant triggering events

Decompose the blocking method call into multiple stages of method calls according to time

When "doing nothing" and must wait When the system's response causes the process to idle, use a timer to divide the stages

If the blocking method cannot continue to be divided at all, you must use an independent process to execute this blocking method

Management process, multi-worker process design

Advantages:

• Utilize the concurrent processing capabilities of multi-core systems
• Load balancing
• Manage processes or be responsible for monitoring the status of worker processes and be responsible for managing their behavior

Platform-independent code implementation

Design of memory pool

This memory pool The biggest advantage is: integrating multiple operations of requesting memory from the system into one operation, which greatly reduces the consumption of CPU resources and reduces memory fragmentation

Using the http filtering module of the unified pipeline filter mode

The core structure in the nginx framework Body ngx_cycle_t

ngx_listening_t structure

ngx_cycle_t structure

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The above has introduced the nginx infrastructure, including various aspects. I hope it will be helpful to friends who are interested in PHP tutorials.