在对文件进行读写过程中,有时需要在文件中跳转、同不同位置读取,以及将数据写入到不同的位置。例如,使用文件模拟数据库保存数据,就需要移动文件指针。指针的位置是以从文件头开始的字节数度量的,默认以不同模式打开文件时,文件指针通常在文件的开头或是结尾处,可以通过ftell()、fseek()和rewind()三个函数对文件指针进行操作,它们的原型如下所示:
int ftell(resource handle) //返回文件指针的当前位置
int fseek(resource hanlde,int offset[,int whence]) //移动文件指针到指定位置
bool rewind(resource handle) //移动文件指针到文件的开头
使用这些函数时,必须提供一个用fopen()函数打开的、合法的文件指针。函数ftell()获取由指定的资源中的文件指针当前位置的偏移量;函数rewind()将文件指针移回到指定资源的开头;而函数fseek()函数则将指针移动到第二个参数offset指定的位置,如果没有提供第三个可选参数whence,则位置将设置为从文件开头的offset字节处。否则,第三个参数whence可以设置为三个可能的值,它将影响指针的位置。
★SEEK_CUR:设置指针位置为当前位置加上第二个参数所提供的offset字节。
★SEEK_END:设置指针位置为EOF加上offset字节。在这里,offset必须设置为负值。
★SEEK_SET:设置指针位置为offset字节处。这与忽略第三个参数whence效果相同。
如果fseek()函数执行成功,将返回0,失败则返回-1.如果将文件以追加模式“a”或“a+”打开,写入文件的任何数据是会被附加在后面,不会管文件指针的位置。代码如下所示:
$fp = fopen('data.txt' ,'r')or die("文件打开失败");
echo ftell($fp)."
"; //输出刚打开文件的指针默认位置,指针在文件的开头位置为0
echo fread($fp, 10)."
"; //读取文件中的前10个字符输出,指针位置发生了变化
echo ftell($fp)."
"; //读取文件的前10个字符之后,指针移动的位置在第10个字节处
fseek($fp, 100,SEEK_CUR); //又将指针移动到倒数10个字节位置处
echo ftell($fp); //文件的位置在110个字节处
echo fread($fp,10)."
"; //读取110到120字节数位置的字符串,读取后指针的位置为120
fseek($fp,-10,SEEK_END); //又将指针移动到倒数10个字节位置处
echo fread($fp, 10)."
"; //输出文件中最后10个字符
rewind($fp); //又移动文件指针到文件的开头
echo ftell($fp); //指针在文件的开头位置,输出0
fclose($fp);
?>

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Sessionlockingisatechniqueusedtoensureauser'ssessionremainsexclusivetooneuseratatime.Itiscrucialforpreventingdatacorruptionandsecuritybreachesinmulti-userapplications.Sessionlockingisimplementedusingserver-sidelockingmechanisms,suchasReentrantLockinJ

Alternatives to PHP sessions include Cookies, Token-based Authentication, Database-based Sessions, and Redis/Memcached. 1.Cookies manage sessions by storing data on the client, which is simple but low in security. 2.Token-based Authentication uses tokens to verify users, which is highly secure but requires additional logic. 3.Database-basedSessions stores data in the database, which has good scalability but may affect performance. 4. Redis/Memcached uses distributed cache to improve performance and scalability, but requires additional matching

Sessionhijacking refers to an attacker impersonating a user by obtaining the user's sessionID. Prevention methods include: 1) encrypting communication using HTTPS; 2) verifying the source of the sessionID; 3) using a secure sessionID generation algorithm; 4) regularly updating the sessionID.


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