比较字符串是任何编程语言的字符串处理功能中重要的特性之一。在PHP中除了可以使用比较运算符号(==、)加以比较外,还提供了一系列的比较函数,使PHP可以进行更复杂的字符串比较。如strcmp()、strcasecmp()和strnatcmp()等函数。
1.按字节顺序进行字符串比较
要按字节顺序进行字符串的比较,可以使用strcmp()和strcasecmp()两个函数,其中函数strcasecmp()可以忽略字符串中字母的大小写进行比较。这两个函数的原型如下所示:
in strcmp(string str1,string str2) //区分字符串中字母大小写地比较
int strcasecmp(string str1,string str2) //忽略字符串中字母大小写地比较
这两个函数的用法相似,都需要传入进行比较的两个字符串参数。可以对输入的str1和str2两字符串,按照字节的ASCII值从两个字符串的首字节开始比较,如果相等则进入下一个字节的比较,直至结束比较。返回以下三个值之一:
★如果str1等于str2则返回0。
★如果str1大于str2则返回1。
★如果str1小于str2则返回-1。
在下面的程序中通过比较后的返回值判断两个比较字符串大小。使用strcmp()函数区分字符串中字母大小写的比较,使用strcasecmp()函数忽略字符串中字母大小写的比较。当然没有实际意义。代码如下所示:
$username = "Admin";
$password = "lampBrother";
//不区分大小写的比较,如果两个字符串相等返回0
if(strcasecmp($userName,"admin")== 0){
echo "用户名存在";
}
//将两个比较的字符串相应的函数转成全大写或全小写后,也可以实现不区分大小写的比较
if(strcasecmp(strtolower($userName),strtolower("admin")) == 0){
echo "用户名存在";
}
//区分字符串中字母的大小写比较
switch(strcmp($password,"lampbrother")){
case 0:
echo "两个字符串相等
"; break;
case 1:
echo "第一个字符串大于第二个字符串
"; break;
case -1:
echo "第一个字符串小于第二个字符串
"; break;
}
?>
2.按自然排序进行字符串比较
除了可以按照字节位的字典顺序进行比较外,PHP还提供了按照“自然排序”法对字符串进行比较。所谓自然排序,是指按照人们的日常生活中的思维习惯进行排序,即将字符串中的数字部分按照数字大小进行比较。例如按照字节比较时“4”大于“33”,因为“4”大于“33”中的第一个字符,而按照自然排序法则“33”大于“4”。使用strnatcmp()函数按自然排序法比较两个字符串,该函数对大小写敏感,其使用格式与strcmp()函数相似。
在下面的例子中,对一个数组中带有数字的文件名,使用冒泡排序法通过两种比较方法排序。代码如下所示:
//定义一个包含数字值的数组
$files = array("file11.txt","file22.txt","file1.txt","file2.txt");
function mySort($arr,$select = false){
for($i=0;$i
if($select){
//前后两个值比较结果大于0则交换位置
if(strcmp($arr[$j],$arr[j+1])>0){
$tmp = $arr[$j];
$arr[$j] = $arr[$j+1];
$arr[$j+1] = $tmp;
}
//如果第二个参数为false则使用strnatcmp()函数比较大小
}else{
//如果比较结果大于0交换位置
if(strnatcmp($arr[$j],$arr[$j+1])>0){
$tmp = $arr[$j];
$arr[$j] = $arr[$j+1];
$arr[$j+1]; = $tmp;
}
}
}
}
return $arr; //排序后的数组
}
print_r(mySort($files,true)); //选择按字典顺序排序: file1.txt file11.txt file2.txt file22.txt
print_r(mySort($files,false)); //选择按自然顺序排序:file1.txt file2.txt file11.txt file22.txt
?>
在PHP中也提供了这个函数忽略大小写的版本的函数strnatcasecmp()用法与strnatcmp()函数相同。

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