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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp中随机函数mt_rand()与rand()性能对比分析_php技巧

本文实例对比分析了php中随机函数mt_rand()与rand()性能问题。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

在php中mt_rand()和rand()函数都是可以随机生成一个纯数字的,他们都是需要我们设置好种子数据然后生成,那么mt_rand()和rand()那个性能会好一些呢,下面我们带着疑问来测试一下.

例子1. mt_rand() 范例,代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:
echo mt_rand() . "n";
echo mt_rand() . "n";
echo mt_rand(5, 15);
?>

上例的输出类似于:
 
1604716014
1478613278
6

注:自 PHP 4.2.0 起,不再需要用 srand() 或 mt_srand() 函数给随机数发生器播种,现已自动完成.

注:在 3.0.7 之前的版本中,max 的含义是 range,要在这些版本中得到和上例相同 5 到 15 的随机数,简短的例子是 mt_rand (5, 11).

详情可查阅 mt_srand(),mt_getrandmax() 和 rand()相关文档.

rand() 函数返回随机整数.

语法:rand(min,max)

参数 描述
min,max 可选,规定随机数产生的范围.

说明:如果没有提供可选参数 min 和 max,rand() 返回 0 到 RAND_MAX 之间的伪随机整数,例如,想要 5 到 15(包括 5 和 15)之间的随机数,用 rand(5, 15).

提示和注释

注释:在某些平台下(例如 Windows)RAND_MAX 只有 32768,如果需要的范围大于 32768,那么指定 min 和 max 参数就可以生成大于 RAND_MAX 的数了,或者考虑用 mt_rand() 来替代它.

注释:自 PHP 4.2.0 起,不再需要用 srand() 或 mt_srand() 函数给随机数发生器播种,现在已自动完成.

注释:在 3.0.7 之前的版本中,max 的含义是 range,要在这些版本中得到和上例相同 5 到 15 的随机数,简短的例子是 rand (5, 11).

mt_rand()真的会比rand()快4倍吗?带着这个疑问一边自己测试一边看网上的介绍.测试如下.

mt_rand()和rand()对比测试一,测试代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:
$max = 100000; 
$timeparts = explode(' ',microtime()); 
$stime = $timeparts[1].substr($timeparts[0],1); 
$i = 0; 
while($i rand(); 
$i++; 

$timeparts = explode(' ',microtime()); 
$etime = $timeparts[1].substr($timeparts[0],1); 
$time = $etime-$stime; 
echo "{$max} random numbers generated in {$time} seconds using rand();";
 
$timeparts = explode(' ',microtime()); 
$stime = $timeparts[1].substr($timeparts[0],1); 
$i = 0; 
while($i mt_rand(); 
$i++; 

$timeparts = explode(' ',microtime()); 
$etime = $timeparts[1].substr($timeparts[0],1); 
$time = $etime-$stime; 
echo "{$max} random numbers generated in {$time} seconds using mt_rand(); "; 
?>

测试结果如下:
//第一次测试
100000 random numbers generated in 0.024894952774048 seconds using rand();
100000 random numbers generated in 0.028925895690918 seconds using mt_rand();
//第二次测试
100000 random numbers generated in 0.03147292137146 seconds using rand();
100000 random numbers generated in 0.02997088432312 seconds using mt_rand();
//第三次测试
100000 random numbers generated in 0.028102874755859 seconds using rand();
100000 random numbers generated in 0.02803111076355 seconds using mt_rand();
//第四次测试
100000 random numbers generated in 0.025573015213013 seconds using rand();
100000 random numbers generated in 0.028030157089233 seconds using mt_rand();

这个结果只是几次的显示结果,多测试几次你会发觉,两者是交替变化的,其实两者没有太大的差异.

mt_rand()和rand()对比测试二

本人测试环境,操作系统:windows xp,apache 2.0,php 5.2.12,内存 2G

代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:
function microtime_float() 

    list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime()); 
    return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec); 

$time_start = microtime_float(); 
for($i=0; $i {
    rand(); 

$time_end = microtime_float(); 
$time = $time_end - $time_start; 
echo "rand() cost $time secondsn";
 
$time_start = microtime_float(); 
for($i=0; $i { 
    mt_rand(); 

$time_end = microtime_float(); 
$time = $time_end - $time_start; 
echo "mt_rand() cost $time secondsn"; 
?>

测试结果如下:
//第一次
rand() cost 0.25919604301453 seconds
mt_rand() cost 0.28554391860962 seconds
//第二次
rand() cost 0.31136202812195 seconds
mt_rand() cost 0.28973197937012 seconds
//第三次
rand() cost 0.27545690536499 seconds
mt_rand() cost 0.27108001708984 seconds
//第四次
rand() cost 0.26263308525085 seconds
mt_rand() cost 0.27727103233337 seconds
结果还是一样:两者用的时间是交替变化,其实两者没有太大的差异.

php的mt_rand()与rand()对比结论

在网上看了很多别人的测试,有linux的还有windows环境的,大多数人得出的结果和我的一样:两者相差无几,不过也有人测出mt_rand()比rand()快4倍,但是由于他们没给出具体的测试环境,所以无法判断真假。我还是比较相信我的结论,因为我看到有人这样介绍mt_rand()与rand():

那为什么php手册上说mt_rand()比rand()快4倍呢?

这是因为mt_rand()使用的Mersenne Twister algorythm是1997的事,所以在10年前,和rand()在速度上的差异是(4倍),自2004年,rand()已经开始使用algorythm,所以现在它们速度上没有太大的区别.

从上面的各种测试来看它们之间并没有区别,只是在不同系统中可能数值会有变化了.

希望本文所述对大家的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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