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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP adjusts the size of gif animation image sample code sharing_PHP tutorial
PHP adjusts the size of gif animation image sample code sharing_PHP tutorialJul 13, 2016 pm 05:17 PM
demogifphpcodeuseshareanimationpicturecopysizeofExamplekindAdjustment

Usage demo of class:

Copy code The code is as follows:

require_once "roucheng.php";
$ gr = new gifresizer;
$gr->temp_dir = "keleyi";
$gr->resize("keleyi.gif","keleyi_resized.gif",500,500);
?>

The source code of the class is saved as roucheng.php file:

Copy code The code is as follows:


    /**
    *
    * Resizes Animated GIF Files
    *
    *   ///IMPORTANT NOTE: The script needs a temporary directory where all the frames should be extracted.
    *   Create a directory with a 777 permission level and write the path into $temp_dir variable below.
    *  
    *   Default directory is "frames".
   */

    class gifresizer {

        public $temp_dir = "frames";
        private $pointer = 0;
        private $index = 0;
        private $globaldata = array();
        private $imagedata = array();
        private $imageinfo = array();
        private $handle = 0;
        private $orgvars = array();
        private $encdata = array();
        private $parsedfiles = array();
        private $originalwidth = 0;
        private $originalheight = 0;
        private $wr,$hr;
        private $props = array();
        private $decoding = false;

        /**
        * Public part of the class
        *
        * @orgfile - Original file path
        * @newfile - New filename with path
        * @width   - Desired image width
        * @height  - Desired image height
       */
        function resize($orgfile,$newfile,$width,$height){
            $this->decode($orgfile);
            $this->wr=$width/$this->originalwidth;
            $this->hr=$height/$this->originalheight;
            $this->resizeframes();
            $this->encode($newfile,$width,$height);
            $this->clearframes();
        }  

        /**
        * GIF Decoder function.
        * Parses the GIF animation into single frames.
       */
        private function decode($filename){
            $this->decoding = true;           
            $this->clearvariables();
            $this->loadfile($filename);
            $this->get_gif_header();
            $this->get_graphics_extension(0);
            $this->get_application_data();
            $this->get_application_data();
            $this->get_image_block(0);
            $this->get_graphics_extension(1);
            $this->get_comment_data();
            $this->get_application_data();
            $this->get_image_block(1);
            while(!$this->checkbyte(0x3b) && !$this->checkEOF()){
                $this->get_comment_data(1);
                $this->get_graphics_extension(2);
                $this->get_image_block(2);
            }
            $this->writeframes(time());     
            $this->closefile();
            $this->decoding = false;
        }

        /**
        * GIF Encoder function.
        * Combines the parsed GIF frames into one single animation.
       */
        private function encode($new_filename,$newwidth,$newheight){
            $mystring = "";
            $this->pointer = 0;
            $this->imagedata = array();
            $this->imageinfo = array();
            $this->handle = 0;
            $this->index=0;

            $k=0;
            foreach($this->parsedfiles as $imagepart){
                $this->loadfile($imagepart);
                $this->get_gif_header();
                $this->get_application_data();
                $this->get_comment_data();
                $this->get_graphics_extension(0);
                $this->get_image_block(0);

                //get transparent color index and color
                if(isset($this->encdata[$this->index-1]))
                    $gxdata = $this->encdata[$this->index-1]["graphicsextension"];
                else
                    $gxdata = null;
                $ghdata = $this->imageinfo["gifheader"];
                $trcolor = "";
                $hastransparency=($gxdata[3]&&1==1);

                if($hastransparency){
                    $trcx = ord($gxdata[6]);
                    $trcolor = substr($ghdata,13+$trcx*3,3);
                }

                //global color table to image data;
                $this->transfercolortable($this->imageinfo["gifheader"],$this->imagedata[$this->index-1]["imagedata"]);

                $imageblock = &$this->imagedata[$this->index-1]["imagedata"];

                //if transparency exists transfer transparency index
                if($hastransparency){
                    $haslocalcolortable = ((ord($imageblock[9])&128)==128);
                    if($haslocalcolortable){
                        //local table exists. determine boundaries and look for it.
                        $tablesize=(pow(2,(ord($imageblock[9])&7)+1)*3)+10;
                        $this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["transparent_color_index"] =
                        ((strrpos(substr($this->imagedata[$this->index-1]["imagedata"],0,$tablesize),$trcolor)-10)/3);       
                    }else{
                        //local table doesnt exist, look at the global one.
                        $tablesize=(pow(2,(ord($gxdata[10])&7)+1)*3)+10;
                        $this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["transparent_color_index"] =
                        ((strrpos(substr($ghdata,0,$tablesize),$trcolor)-10)/3);   
                    }              
                }

                //apply original delay time,transparent index and disposal values to graphics extension

                if(!$this->imagedata[$this->index-1]["graphicsextension"]) $this->imagedata[$this->index-1]["graphicsextension"] = chr(0x21).chr(0xf9).chr(0x04).chr(0x00).chr(0x00).chr(0x00).chr(0x00).chr(0x00);

                $imagedata = &$this->imagedata[$this->index-1]["graphicsextension"];

                $imagedata[3] = chr((ord($imagedata[3]) & 0xE3) | ($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["disposal_method"]                 $imagedata[4] = chr(($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["delay_time"] % 256));
                $imagedata[5] = chr(floor($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["delay_time"] / 256));
                if($hastransparency){
                    $imagedata[6] = chr($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["transparent_color_index"]);
                }
                $imagedata[3] = chr(ord($imagedata[3])|$hastransparency);

                //apply calculated left and top offset
                $imageblock[1] = chr(round(($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["offset_left"]*$this->wr) % 256));
                $imageblock[2] = chr(floor(($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["offset_left"]*$this->wr) / 256));
                $imageblock[3] = chr(round(($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["offset_top"]*$this->hr) % 256));
                $imageblock[4] = chr(floor(($this->orgvars[$this->index-1]["offset_top"]*$this->hr) / 256));          

                if($this->index==1){
                    if(!isset($this->imageinfo["applicationdata"]) || !$this->imageinfo["applicationdata"])
                        $this->imageinfo["applicationdata"]=chr(0x21).chr(0xff).chr(0x0b)."NETSCAPE2.0".chr(0x03).chr(0x01).chr(0x00).chr(0x00).chr(0x00);
                    if(!isset($this->imageinfo["commentdata"]) || !$this->imageinfo["commentdata"])
                        $this->imageinfo["commentdata"] = chr(0x21).chr(0xfe).chr(0x10)."PHPGIFRESIZER1.0".chr(0);
                    $mystring .= $this->orgvars["gifheader"]. $this->imageinfo["applicationdata"].$this->imageinfo["commentdata"];
                    if(isset($this->orgvars["hasgx_type_0"]) && $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_0"]) $mystring .= $this->globaldata["graphicsextension_0"];
                    if(isset($this->orgvars["hasgx_type_1"]) && $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_1"]) $mystring .= $this->globaldata["graphicsextension"];
                }

                $mystring .= $imagedata . $imageblock;
                $k++;
                $this->closefile();
            }

            $mystring .= chr(0x3b);

            //applying new width & height to gif header
            $mystring[6] = chr($newwidth % 256);
            $mystring[7] = chr(floor($newwidth / 256));
            $mystring[8] = chr($newheight % 256);
            $mystring[9] = chr(floor($newheight / 256));
            $mystring[11]= $this->orgvars["background_color"];
            //if(file_exists($new_filename)){unlink($new_filename);}
            file_put_contents($new_filename,$mystring);
        }

        /**
        * Variable Reset function
        * If a instance is used multiple times, it's needed. Trust me.
       */
        private function clearvariables(){
            $this->pointer = 0;
            $this->index = 0;
            $this->imagedata = array();
            $this->imageinfo = array();           
            $this->handle = 0;
            $this->parsedfiles = array();
        }

        /**
        * Clear Frames function
        * For deleting the frames after encoding.
       */
        private function clearframes(){
            foreach($this->parsedfiles as $temp_frame){
                unlink($temp_frame);
            }
        }

        /**
        * Frame Writer
        * Writes the GIF frames into files.
       */
        private function writeframes($prepend){
            for($i=0;$iimagedata);$i++){
                file_put_contents($this->temp_dir."/frame_".$prepend."_".str_pad($i,2,"0",STR_PAD_LEFT).".gif",$this->imageinfo["gifheader"].$this->imagedata[$i]["graphicsextension"].$this->imagedata[$i]["imagedata"].chr(0x3b));
                $this->parsedfiles[]=$this->temp_dir."/frame_".$prepend."_".str_pad($i,2,"0",STR_PAD_LEFT).".gif";
            }
        }

        /**
        * Color Palette Transfer Device
        * Transferring Global Color Table (GCT) from frames into Local Color Tables in animation.
       */
        private function transfercolortable($src,&$dst){
            //src is gif header,dst is image data block
            //if global color table exists,transfer it
            if((ord($src[10])&128)==128){
                //Gif Header Global Color Table Length
                $ghctl = pow(2,$this->readbits(ord($src[10]),5,3)+1)*3;
                //cut global color table from gif header
                $ghgct = substr($src,13,$ghctl);
                //check image block color table length
                if((ord($dst[9])&128)==128){
                    //Image data contains color table. skip.
                }else{
                    //Image data needs a color table.
                    //get last color table length so we can truncate the dummy color table
                    $idctl = pow(2,$this->readbits(ord($dst[9]),5,3)+1)*3;
                    //set color table flag and length  
                    $dst[9] = chr(ord($dst[9]) | (0x80 | (log($ghctl/3,2)-1)));
                    //inject color table
                    $dst = substr($dst,0,10).$ghgct.substr($dst,-1*strlen($dst)+10);
                }
            }else{
                //global color table doesn't exist. skip.
            }
        }

        /**
        * GIF Parser Functions.
        * Below functions are the main structure parser components.
       */
        private function get_gif_header(){
            $this->p_forward(10);
            if($this->readbits(($mybyte=$this->readbyte_int()),0,1)==1){
                $this->p_forward(2);
                $this->p_forward(pow(2,$this->readbits($mybyte,5,3)+1)*3);
            }else{
                $this->p_forward(2);
            }

            $this->imageinfo["gifheader"]=$this->datapart(0,$this->pointer);
            if($this->decoding){
                $this->orgvars["gifheader"]=$this->imageinfo["gifheader"];
                $this->originalwidth = ord($this->orgvars["gifheader"][7])*256+ord($this->orgvars["gifheader"][6]);
                $this->originalheight = ord($this->orgvars["gifheader"][9])*256+ord($this->orgvars["gifheader"][8]);
                $this->orgvars["background_color"]=$this->orgvars["gifheader"][11];
            }

        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function get_application_data(){
            $startdata = $this->readbyte(2);
            if($startdata==chr(0x21).chr(0xff)){
                $start = $this->pointer - 2;
                $this->p_forward($this->readbyte_int());
                $this->read_data_stream($this->readbyte_int());
                $this->imageinfo["applicationdata"] = $this->datapart($start,$this->pointer-$start);
            }else{
                $this->p_rewind(2);
            }
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function get_comment_data(){
            $startdata = $this->readbyte(2);
            if($startdata==chr(0x21).chr(0xfe)){
                $start = $this->pointer - 2;
                $this->read_data_stream($this->readbyte_int());
                $this->imageinfo["commentdata"] = $this->datapart($start,$this->pointer-$start);
            }else{
                $this->p_rewind(2);
            }
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function get_graphics_extension($type){
            $startdata = $this->readbyte(2);
            if($startdata==chr(0x21).chr(0xf9)){
                $start = $this->pointer - 2;
                $this->p_forward($this->readbyte_int());
                $this->p_forward(1);
                if($type==2){
                    $this->imagedata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"] = $this->datapart($start,$this->pointer-$start);
                }else if($type==1){
                    $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_1"] = 1;
                    $this->globaldata["graphicsextension"] = $this->datapart($start,$this->pointer-$start);
                }else if($type==0 && $this->decoding==false){
                    $this->encdata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"] = $this->datapart($start,$this->pointer-$start);
                }else if($type==0 && $this->decoding==true){
                    $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_0"] = 1;
                    $this->globaldata["graphicsextension_0"] = $this->datapart($start,$this->pointer-$start);
                }
            }else{
                $this->p_rewind(2);
            }
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function get_image_block($type){
            if($this->checkbyte(0x2c)){
                $start = $this->pointer;
                $this->p_forward(9);
                if($this->readbits(($mybyte=$this->readbyte_int()),0,1)==1){
                    $this->p_forward(pow(2,$this->readbits($mybyte,5,3)+1)*3);
                }
                $this->p_forward(1);
                $this->read_data_stream($this->readbyte_int());
                $this->imagedata[$this->index]["imagedata"] = $this->datapart($start,$this->pointer-$start);

                if($type==0){
                    $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_0"] = 0;
                    if(isset($this->globaldata["graphicsextension_0"]))
                        $this->imagedata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"]=$this->globaldata["graphicsextension_0"];
                    else
                        $this->imagedata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"]=null;
                    unset($this->globaldata["graphicsextension_0"]);
                }elseif($type==1){
                    if(isset($this->orgvars["hasgx_type_1"]) && $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_1"]==1){
                        $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_1"] = 0;
                        $this->imagedata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"]=$this->globaldata["graphicsextension"];
                        unset($this->globaldata["graphicsextension"]);
                    }else{
                        $this->orgvars["hasgx_type_0"] = 0;
                        $this->imagedata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"]=$this->globaldata["graphicsextension_0"];
                        unset($this->globaldata["graphicsextension_0"]);
                    }
                }

                $this->parse_image_data();
                $this->index++;

            }
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function parse_image_data(){
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["disposal_method"] = $this->get_imagedata_bit("ext",3,3,3);
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["user_input_flag"] = $this->get_imagedata_bit("ext",3,6,1);
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["transparent_color_flag"] = $this->get_imagedata_bit("ext",3,7,1);
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["delay_time"] = $this->dualbyteval($this->get_imagedata_byte("ext",4,2));
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["transparent_color_index"] = ord($this->get_imagedata_byte("ext",6,1));
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["offset_left"] = $this->dualbyteval($this->get_imagedata_byte("dat",1,2));
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["offset_top"] = $this->dualbyteval($this->get_imagedata_byte("dat",3,2));
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["width"] = $this->dualbyteval($this->get_imagedata_byte("dat",5,2));
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["height"] = $this->dualbyteval($this->get_imagedata_byte("dat",7,2));
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["local_color_table_flag"] = $this->get_imagedata_bit("dat",9,0,1);
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["interlace_flag"] = $this->get_imagedata_bit("dat",9,1,1);
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["sort_flag"] = $this->get_imagedata_bit("dat",9,2,1);
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["color_table_size"] = pow(2,$this->get_imagedata_bit("dat",9,5,3)+1)*3;
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["color_table"] = substr($this->imagedata[$this->index]["imagedata"],10,$this->imagedata[$this->index]["color_table_size"]);
            $this->imagedata[$this->index]["lzw_code_size"] = ord($this->get_imagedata_byte("dat",10,1));
            if($this->decoding){
                $this->orgvars[$this->index]["transparent_color_flag"] = $this->imagedata[$this->index]["transparent_color_flag"];
                $this->orgvars[$this->index]["transparent_color_index"] = $this->imagedata[$this->index]["transparent_color_index"];
                $this->orgvars[$this->index]["delay_time"] = $this->imagedata[$this->index]["delay_time"];
                $this->orgvars[$this->index]["disposal_method"] = $this->imagedata[$this->index]["disposal_method"];
                $this->orgvars[$this->index]["offset_left"] = $this->imagedata[$this->index]["offset_left"];
                $this->orgvars[$this->index]["offset_top"] = $this->imagedata[$this->index]["offset_top"];
            }
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function get_imagedata_byte($type,$start,$length){
            if($type=="ext")
                return substr($this->imagedata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"],$start,$length);
            elseif($type=="dat")
                return substr($this->imagedata[$this->index]["imagedata"],$start,$length);
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function get_imagedata_bit($type,$byteindex,$bitstart,$bitlength){
            if($type=="ext")
                return $this->readbits(ord(substr($this->imagedata[$this->index]["graphicsextension"],$byteindex,1)),$bitstart,$bitlength);
            elseif($type=="dat")
                return $this->readbits(ord(substr($this->imagedata[$this->index]["imagedata"],$byteindex,1)),$bitstart,$bitlength);
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function dualbyteval($s){
            $i = ord($s[1])*256 + ord($s[0]);
            return $i;
        }
        //------------   Helper Functions ---------------------
        private function read_data_stream($first_length){
            $this->p_forward($first_length);
            $length=$this->readbyte_int();
            if($length!=0) {
                while($length!=0){
                    $this->p_forward($length);
                    $length=$this->readbyte_int();
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function loadfile($filename){
            $this->handle = fopen($filename,"rb");
            $this->pointer = 0;
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function closefile(){
            fclose($this->handle);
            $this->handle=0;
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function readbyte($byte_count){
            $data = fread($this->handle,$byte_count);
            $this->pointer += $byte_count;
            return $data;
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function readbyte_int(){
            $data = fread($this->handle,1);
            $this->pointer++;
            return ord($data);
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function readbits($byte,$start,$length){
            $bin = str_pad(decbin($byte),8,"0",STR_PAD_LEFT);
            $data = substr($bin,$start,$length);
            return bindec($data);
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function p_rewind($length){
            $this->pointer-=$length;
            fseek($this->handle,$this->pointer);
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function p_forward($length){
            $this->pointer+=$length;
            fseek($this->handle,$this->pointer);
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function datapart($start,$length){
            fseek($this->handle,$start);
            $data = fread($this->handle,$length);
            fseek($this->handle,$this->pointer);
            return $data;
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function checkbyte($byte){
            if(fgetc($this->handle)==chr($byte)){
                fseek($this->handle,$this->pointer);
                return true;
            }else{
                fseek($this->handle,$this->pointer);
                return false;
            }
        }  
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function checkEOF(){
            if(fgetc($this->handle)===false){
                return true;
            }else{
                fseek($this->handle,$this->pointer);
                return false;
            }
        }  
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        /**
        * Debug Functions.  keleyi.com
        * Parses the GIF animation into single frames.
       */
        private function debug($string){
            echo "
";<br>            for($i=0;$i<strlen>                echo str_pad(dechex(ord($string[$i])),2,"0",STR_PAD_LEFT). " ";<br>            }<br>            echo "</strlen>
";
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function debuglen($var,$len){
            echo "
";<br>            for($i=0;$i                echo str_pad(dechex(ord($var[$i])),2,"0",STR_PAD_LEFT). " ";<br>            }<br>            echo "
";
        }  
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        private function debugstream($length){
            $this->debug($this->datapart($this->pointer,$length));
        }
        //-------------------------------------------------------
        /**
        * GD Resizer Device
        * Resizes the animation frames
       */
        private function resizeframes(){
            $k=0;
            foreach($this->parsedfiles as $img){
                $src = imagecreatefromgif($img);
                $sw = $this->imagedata[$k]["width"];
                $sh = $this->imagedata[$k]["height"];
                $nw = round($sw * $this->wr);
                $nh = round($sh * $this->hr);
                $sprite = imagecreatetruecolor($nw,$nh);   
                $trans = imagecolortransparent($sprite);
                imagealphablending($sprite, false);
                imagesavealpha($sprite, true);
                imagepalettecopy($sprite,$src);                
                imagefill($sprite,0,0,imagecolortransparent($src));
                imagecolortransparent($sprite,imagecolortransparent($src));                    
                imagecopyresized($sprite,$src,0,0,0,0,$nw,$nh,$sw,$sh);    
                imagegif($sprite,$img);
                imagedestroy($sprite);
                imagedestroy($src);
                $k++;
            }
        }
    }
?>

www.bkjia.comtruehttp://www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/621696.htmlTechArticle类的使用demo: 复制代码 代码如下: ?php require_once "roucheng.php"; $gr = new gifresizer; $gr-temp_dir = "keleyi"; $gr-resize("keleyi.gif","keleyi_resized.gif",500,500...
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php怎么把负数转为正整数php怎么把负数转为正整数Apr 19, 2022 pm 08:59 PM

php把负数转为正整数的方法:1、使用abs()函数将负数转为正数,使用intval()函数对正数取整,转为正整数,语法“intval(abs($number))”;2、利用“~”位运算符将负数取反加一,语法“~$number + 1”。

php怎么实现几秒后执行一个函数php怎么实现几秒后执行一个函数Apr 24, 2022 pm 01:12 PM

实现方法:1、使用“sleep(延迟秒数)”语句,可延迟执行函数若干秒;2、使用“time_nanosleep(延迟秒数,延迟纳秒数)”语句,可延迟执行函数若干秒和纳秒;3、使用“time_sleep_until(time()+7)”语句。

php怎么除以100保留两位小数php怎么除以100保留两位小数Apr 22, 2022 pm 06:23 PM

php除以100保留两位小数的方法:1、利用“/”运算符进行除法运算,语法“数值 / 100”;2、使用“number_format(除法结果, 2)”或“sprintf("%.2f",除法结果)”语句进行四舍五入的处理值,并保留两位小数。

php怎么根据年月日判断是一年的第几天php怎么根据年月日判断是一年的第几天Apr 22, 2022 pm 05:02 PM

判断方法:1、使用“strtotime("年-月-日")”语句将给定的年月日转换为时间戳格式;2、用“date("z",时间戳)+1”语句计算指定时间戳是一年的第几天。date()返回的天数是从0开始计算的,因此真实天数需要在此基础上加1。

php字符串有没有下标php字符串有没有下标Apr 24, 2022 am 11:49 AM

php字符串有下标。在PHP中,下标不仅可以应用于数组和对象,还可应用于字符串,利用字符串的下标和中括号“[]”可以访问指定索引位置的字符,并对该字符进行读写,语法“字符串名[下标值]”;字符串的下标值(索引值)只能是整数类型,起始值为0。

php怎么替换nbsp空格符php怎么替换nbsp空格符Apr 24, 2022 pm 02:55 PM

方法:1、用“str_replace("&nbsp;","其他字符",$str)”语句,可将nbsp符替换为其他字符;2、用“preg_replace("/(\s|\&nbsp\;||\xc2\xa0)/","其他字符",$str)”语句。

php怎么判断有没有小数点php怎么判断有没有小数点Apr 20, 2022 pm 08:12 PM

php判断有没有小数点的方法:1、使用“strpos(数字字符串,'.')”语法,如果返回小数点在字符串中第一次出现的位置,则有小数点;2、使用“strrpos(数字字符串,'.')”语句,如果返回小数点在字符串中最后一次出现的位置,则有。

php怎么读取字符串后几个字符php怎么读取字符串后几个字符Apr 22, 2022 pm 08:31 PM

在php中,可以使用substr()函数来读取字符串后几个字符,只需要将该函数的第二个参数设置为负值,第三个参数省略即可;语法为“substr(字符串,-n)”,表示读取从字符串结尾处向前数第n个字符开始,直到字符串结尾的全部字符。

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