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前言
读过一篇关于Zend Framework2的技术文章《ZF2多级树形路由Route配置实例》,是介绍路由配置的。我觉得很有意思,这是的需求:
/user对应用户列表页面
/user/:user_id对应用户的个人主页,比如 /user/AlloVince 就对应AlloVince用户的个人主页
/user/:user_id/blog/对应用户的博客列表页面,比如 /user/AlloVince/blog 就会列出AlloVince写过的Blog
/user/:user_id/blog/:blog_id对应用户的一篇博客文章
方案引用自原文:
'router' => array( 'routes' => array( 'user' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/user[/]', 'defaults' => array( 'controller' => 'UserController', 'action' => 'index', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'profile' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:id][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+' ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'get' ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'blog' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => 'blog[/]', 'constraints' => array( ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'blog' ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'post' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:post_id][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'post_id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+' ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'post' ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, ), ), ), ), //profile child_routes end ), //profile end ), //user child_routes end ), //user end ), ),
看了这篇文章后,我打算使用我用过的PHP框架来实现这个路由需求。
ThinkPHP
新建一个ThinkPHP项目:
代码如下:
composer create-project topthink/thinkphp tp --prefer-dist
命令行显示我安装的是3.2.2
Installing topthink/thinkphp (3.2.2)
我看ThinkPHP官网最新稳定版本是3.2.3。
我特意去packagist官网查了一下,库中稳定版确实是3.2.2。
我得使用3.2.3。为什么我特别纠结这一点哩?因为:
3.2的路由功能是针对模块设置的,所以URL中的模块名不能被路由,路由定义也通常是放在模块配置文件中。 3.2.3版本开始增加全局路由定义支持,可以在项目的公共配置文件中定义路由。
也就是说,路由重写的部分是Controller和Action部分,Moudle还是存在。
我希望的是/user,而不是home/user。(ThinkPHP中默认Module是Home,'DEFAULT_MODULE' => 'Home',可以修改)
当然,这个问题也可以修改.htaccess文件的解决。但是,我还是决定安装3.2.3。
在ThinkPHP官网下载最新的包,解压。
使用浏览器访问一下项目的入口文件,让ThinkPHP自动生成了一个默认的应用模块Home。
修改公共配置文件tp\Application\Common\Conf\config.php:
<?php return array( // 开启路由 'URL_ROUTER_ON' => true, // URL访问模式,可选参数0、1、2、3,代表以下四种模式: // 0 (普通模式); 1 (PATHINFO 模式); 2 (REWRITE 模式); 3 (兼容模式) 默认为PATHINFO 模式 'URL_MODEL' => 2, // URL伪静态后缀设置,为空表示可以支持所有的静态后缀 // 使用U函数生成URL时会不带后缀 'URL_HTML_SUFFIX' => '', // URL变量绑定到Action方法参数,默认为true 'URL_PARAMS_BIND' => true, // URL变量绑定的类型 0 按变量名绑定 1 按变量顺序绑定,默认为0 'URL_PARAMS_BIND_TYPE' => 0, // 路由配置 'URL_ROUTE_RULES' => array( '/^url$/' => 'Home/User/url', '/^user$/' => 'Home/User/index', '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)$/' => 'Home/User/show?name=:1', '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog$/' => 'Home/Blog/index?name=:1', '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog\/([0-9]+)$/' => 'Home/Blog/show?name=:1&blog_id=:2', ), ); ?>
创建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\UserController.class.php:
<?php namespace Home\Controller; use Think\Controller; class UserController extends Controller { public function url() { $name = 'jing'; $blogId = 1; $urls = array( U('/user'), U("/user/{$name}"), U("/user/{$name}/blog"), U("/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}"), ); foreach ($urls as $url) { echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n"; } } public function index() { echo '我是用户列表^_^'; } public function show($name) { echo "欢迎你,{$name}"; } } ?>
创建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\BlogController.class.php:
<?php namespace Home\Controller; use Think\Controller; class BlogController extends Controller { public function index($name) { echo "这是{$name}的博客列表"; } public function show($blog_id, $name) { echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blog_id}"; } } ?>
输出:
代码如下:
<a href="/tp/user">/tp/user<a/><br /> <a href="/tp/user/jing">/tp/user/jing<a/><br /> <a href="/tp/user/jing/blog">/tp/user/jing/blog<a/><br /> <a href="/tp/user/jing/blog/1">/tp/user/jing/blog/1<a/><br />
访问上面4个链接,依次返回:
我是用户列表^_^
欢迎你,jing
这是jing的博客列表
jing的这篇博客的id为1
下面其他框架,也同样输出以上内容。
Zend Framework 2
使用ZF2骨架程序创建一个ZF2项目:
composer create-project --stability="dev" zendframework/skeleton-application zf2
修改默认模块Application的配置文件zf2\module\Application\config\module.config.php:
<?php /** * Zend Framework (http://framework.zend.com/) * * @link http://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication for the canonical source repository * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2015 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */ return array( 'router' => array( 'routes' => array( 'home' => array( 'type' => 'Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\Literal', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/url', 'defaults' => array( 'controller' => 'Application\Controller\User', 'action' => 'url', ), ), ), // The following is a route to simplify getting started creating // new controllers and actions without needing to create a new // module. Simply drop new controllers in, and you can access them // using the path /application/:controller/:action 'application' => array( 'type' => 'Literal', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/application', 'defaults' => array( '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller', 'controller' => 'Index', 'action' => 'index', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'default' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/[:controller[/:action]]', 'constraints' => array( 'controller' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*', 'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*', ), 'defaults' => array( ), ), ), ), ), 'user_list' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/user[/]', 'defaults' => array( '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller', 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'index', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'user' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:name][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'name' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+', ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'show', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'blog_list' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => 'blog[/]', 'constraints' => array( ), 'defaults' => array( 'controller' => 'Blog', 'action' => 'index', ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'blog' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:blog_id]', 'constraints' => array( 'blog_id' => '[0-9]+', ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'show', ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, ), ), ), ), ), ), ), ), ), 'service_manager' => array( 'abstract_factories' => array( 'Zend\Cache\Service\StorageCacheAbstractServiceFactory', 'Zend\Log\LoggerAbstractServiceFactory', ), 'aliases' => array( 'translator' => 'MvcTranslator', ), ), 'translator' => array( 'locale' => 'en_US', 'translation_file_patterns' => array( array( 'type' => 'gettext', 'base_dir' => __DIR__ . '/../language', 'pattern' => '%s.mo', ), ), ), 'controllers' => array( 'invokables' => array( 'Application\Controller\Index' => 'Application\Controller\IndexController', 'Application\Controller\User' => 'Application\Controller\UserController', 'Application\Controller\Blog' => 'Application\Controller\BlogController', ), ), 'view_manager' => array( 'display_not_found_reason' => true, 'display_exceptions' => true, 'doctype' => 'HTML5', 'not_found_template' => 'error/404', 'exception_template' => 'error/index', 'template_map' => array( 'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml', 'application/index/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/application/index/index.phtml', 'error/404' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/404.phtml', 'error/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/index.phtml', ), 'template_path_stack' => array( __DIR__ . '/../view', ), ), // Placeholder for console routes 'console' => array( 'router' => array( 'routes' => array( ), ), ), ); ?>
这个文件是骨架程序中自带的,我只是修改了router部分和controllers部分。要我写这么长的文件,那就太为难我了。这也是ZF官方发布了一个骨架程序的原因。
创建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\UserController.php:
<?php namespace Application\Controller; use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; class UserController extends AbstractActionController { public function urlAction() { $name = 'jing'; $blogId = 1; $urls = array( $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list'), $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user', array('name' => $name)), $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list', array('name' => $name)), $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list/blog', array('name' => $name, 'blog_id' => $blogId)), ); $view = new ViewModel(compact('urls')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } public function indexAction() { $view = new ViewModel(); // 禁用布局模板 $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } public function showAction() { $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name'); $view = new ViewModel(compact('username')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } } ?>
创建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\BlogController.php:
<?php namespace Application\Controller; use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; class BlogController extends AbstractActionController { public function indexAction() { $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name'); $view = new ViewModel(compact('username')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } public function showAction() { $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name'); $blogId = $this->params()->fromRoute('blog_id'); $view = new ViewModel(compact('username', 'blogId')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } } ?>
zf2不支持Action参数绑定,ThinkPHP不仅支持绑定,还支持2种绑定方式:按变量名绑定和按变量顺序绑定。
zf2中Action必须得返回视图,除非exit()。如果你知道可以禁用视图的办法,请告诉我。
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\url.phtml:
<?php foreach ($urls as $url): ?> <a href="<?php echo $url;?>"><?php echo $url;?><a/><br /> <?php endforeach; ?>
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\index.phtml:
我是用户列表^_^
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\show.phtml:
欢迎你,720b36365a2096d271439392c84df50c
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\index.phtml:
这是720b36365a2096d271439392c84df50c的博客列表
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\show.phtml:
<?php echo $username; ?>的这篇博客的id为<?php echo $blogId; ?>
Yaf
安装Yaf
使用代码生成工具创建Yaf项目
修改启动文件yaf\application\Bootstrap.php,修改其中的_initRoute方法:
$router = Yaf_Dispatcher::getInstance()->getRouter(); $route0 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('url', array( 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'url', ), array() ); $route1 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('user', array( 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'index', ), array() ); $route2 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)#', array( 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'show', ), array(1 => 'name',) ); $route3 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog#', array( 'controller' => 'Blog', 'action' => 'index', ), array(1 => 'name',) ); $route4 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog/([0-9]+)#', array( 'controller' => 'Blog', 'action' => 'show', ), array(1 => 'name', 2 => 'blogId',) ); $router->addRoute('url', $route0); $router->addRoute('user_list', $route1); $router->addRoute('user', $route2); $router->addRoute("blog_list", $route3); $router->addRoute("blog", $route4);
Yaf有路由功能,但是没有根据路由名生成URL的方法。所以我定义了一个项目名,用于拼接URL。
在配置文件中添加配置项yaf\conf\application.ini:
project.name = 'yaf'
创建文件yaf\application\controllers\User.php:
<?php class UserController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract { public function urlAction() { $name = 'jing'; $blogId = 1; $app = Yaf_Application::app(); $projectName = $app->getConfig()->project->name; $urls = array( "/{$projectName}/user", "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}", "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog", "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}", ); foreach ($urls as $url) { echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n"; } return false; } public function indexAction() { echo '我是用户列表^_^'; // 禁用视图模板 return false; } public function showAction($name) { echo "欢迎你,{$name}"; return false; } }
创建文件yaf\application\controllers\Blog.php:
代码如下:
<?php class BlogController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract { public function indexAction($name) { echo "这是{$name}的博客列表"; return false; } public function showAction($blogId, $name) { echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}"; return false; }
Yaf的Action支持参数绑定,是按变量名绑定的。$name、$blogId要和路由中配置的名称一样,而和参数顺序无关。
Laravel
新建Laravel项目:
composer create-project laravel/laravel --prefer-dist
清除合并文件。在目录laravel\vendor\下有个文件compiled.php,这个文件是为了减少IO提高框架性能,将很多类文件合并到一个文件中而生存的。在开发环境下,应该删除该文件,否则修改了一些文件发现没有效果,其实是因为文件已经合并缓存了。
清除命令:
php artisan clear-compiled
在生产环境中应该开启,以提升性能:
php artisan optimize --force
修改路由文件laravel\app\Http\routes.php:
<?php Route::get('/url', array('uses' => 'UserController@getUrl')); Route::get('/user', array('uses' => 'UserController@getIndex')); Route::get('/user/{username}', array('uses' => 'UserController@getShow')); Route::get('/user/{username}/blog', array( 'as' => 'blog_list', 'uses' => 'BlogController@getIndex', )); Route::get('/user/{username}/blog/{blogId}', array( 'as' => 'blog', 'uses' => 'BlogController@getShow', ))->where(array('blogId' => '[0-9]+'));
查看路由定义情况:
代码如下:
php artisan route:list
输出:
代码如下:
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+ | Domain | Method | URI | Name | Action | Middleware | +--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+ | | GET|HEAD | url | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getUrl | | | | GET|HEAD | user | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getIndex | | | | GET|HEAD | user/{username} | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getShow | | | | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog | blog_list | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getIndex | | | | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog/{blogId} | blog | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getShow | | +--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
定义路由变量全局模式,修改文件laravel\app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php中的boot方法:
代码如下:
public function boot(Router $router) { $router->pattern('username', '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+'); parent::boot($router); }
创建UserController控制器:
代码如下:
php artisan make:controller UserController
Laravel帮我们在laravel\app\Http\Controllers目录下创建了文件UserController.php,文件中已经为我们写好一部分骨架代码。修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\UserController.php:
代码如下:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; class UserController extends Controller { public function getUrl() { $name = 'jing'; $blogId = 1; $urls = array( url('/user'), action( 'UserController@getShow' , array($name)), route('blog_list', array($name)), route('blog', array($name, $blogId)), ); foreach ($urls as $url) { echo " {$url} \n"; } } public function getIndex() { echo '我是用户列表^_^'; } public function getShow($name) { echo "欢迎你,{$name}"; } }
创建BlogController控制器:
代码如下:
php artisan make:controller BlogController
修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\BlogController.php:
代码如下:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; class BlogController extends Controller { public function getIndex($name) { echo "这是{$name}的博客列表"; } public function getShow($name, $blogId) { echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}"; } }
Laravel的Action也支持参数绑定,是按变量顺序绑定的,和变量名无关。
后语
我是Laravel粉,但是我也没有想黑其他框架的意思,大家有兴趣也可以用自己熟悉的框架来实现这个小例子,写了记得@我,语言不限。
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望大家能够喜欢。
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