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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialThe use of named ranges, the new features of ThinkPHP3.1_PHP tutorial

The named range function of ThinkPHP3.1 provides a series of (coherent operation) encapsulation for model operations, allowing you to query and operate data more conveniently. Let’s take a closer look at this usage.

1. Define attributes

To use the named scope function, it mainly involves the definition of the _scope attribute of the model class and the use of the scope coherent operation method.
We first define the _scope attribute:

class NewsModel extends Model {
  protected $_scope = array(
    // 命名范围normal
    'normal'=>array(
      'where'=>array('status'=>1),
    ),
    // 命名范围latest
    'latest'=>array(
      'order'=>'create_time DESC',
      'limit'=>10,
    ),
  );
 }

The

_scope attribute is an array. Each array item represents the definition of a named range. The definition format of the named range is:

'命名范围标识'=>array(
  '属性1'=>'值1',
  '属性2'=>'值2',
  ...
 )

2. Named range identifier : It can be any string and is used to identify the currently defined named range.

Attributes supported by named ranges include:

where Query conditions
field Query field
order Sort results
table Query table name
limit Result Limitation
page Result Pagination
having having query
group group query
lock Query Lock
distinct Unique query
cache Query Cache

 

每个命名范围的定义可以包括这些属性中一个或者多个。

3.方法调用

属性定义完成后,接下来就是使用scope方法进行命名范围的调用了,每调用一个命名范围,就相当于执行了命名范围中定义的相关操作选项。

调用某个命名范围

最简单的调用方式就直接调用某个命名范围,例如:

$Model = D('News'); // 这里必须使用D方法 因为命名范围在模型里面定义
$Model->scope('normal')->select();
$Model->scope('latest')->select();

生成的SQL语句分别是:

SELECT * FROM think_news WHERE status=1
SELECT * FROM think_news ORDER BY create_time DESC LIMIT 10

调用多个命名范围

也可以支持同时调用多个命名范围定义,例如:

$Model->scope('normal')->scope('latest')->select();

或者简化为:

$Model->scope('normal,latest')->select();

生成的SQL都是:

SELECT * FROM think_news WHERE status=1 ORDER BY create_time DESC LIMIT 10

如果两个命名范围的定义存在冲突,则后面调用的命名范围定义会覆盖前面的相同属性的定义。
如果调用的命名范围标识不存在,则会忽略该命名范围,例如:

$Model->scope('normal,new')->select();

上面的命名范围中new是不存在的,因此只有normal命名范围生效,生成的SQL语句是:

SELECT * FROM think_news WHERE status=1


4.默认命名范围

系统支持默认命名范围功能,如果你定义了一个default命名范围,例如:

  

 protected $_scope = array(
    // 默认的命名范围
    'default'=>array(
      'where'=>array('status'=>1),
      'limit'=>10,
    ),
  );

那么调用default命名范围可以直接使用:

$Model->scope()->select();

而无需再传入命名范围标识名

$Model->scope('default')->select();

虽然这两种方式是等效的。

命名范围调整

如果你需要在normal命名范围的基础上增加额外的调整,可以使用:

$Model->scope('normal',array('limit'=>5))->select();

生成的SQL语句是:

SELECT * FROM think_news WHERE status=1 LIMIT 5

当然,也可以在两个命名范围的基础上进行调整,例如:

$Model->scope('normal,latest',array('limit'=>5))->select();

生成的SQL是:

SELECT * FROM think_news WHERE status=1 ORDER BY create_time DESC LIMIT 5


自定义命名范围

又或者,干脆不用任何现有的命名范围,我直接传入一个命名范围:

$Model->scope(array('field'=>'id,title','limit'=>5,'where'=>'status=1','order'=>'create_time DESC'))->select();

这样,生成的SQL变成:

SELECT id,title FROM think_news WHERE status=1 ORDER BY create_time DESC LIMIT 5


5.与连贯操作混合使用

命名范围一样可以和之前的连贯操作混合使用,例如定义了命名范围_scope属性:

protected $_scope = array(
  'normal'=>array(
    'where'=>array('status'=>1),
    'field'=>'id,title',
    'limit'=>10,
  ),
 );

然后在使用的时候,可以这样调用:

$Model->scope('normal')->limit(8)->order('id desc')->select();

这样,生成的SQL变成:

SELECT id,title FROM think_news WHERE status=1 ORDER BY id desc LIMIT 8

如果定义的命名范围和连贯操作的属性有冲突,则后面调用的会覆盖前面的。
如果是这样调用:

$Model->limit(8)->scope('normal')->order('id desc')->select();

生成的SQL则是:

SELECT id,title FROM think_news WHERE status=1 ORDER BY id desc LIMIT 10


总结
命名范围功能的优势在于可以一次定义多次调用,并且在项目中也能起到分工配合的规范,避免开发人员在写CURD操作的时候出现问题,项目经理只需要合理的规划命名范围即可。

www.bkjia.comtruehttp://www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/825371.htmlTechArticleThinkPHP3.1的命名范围功能,给模型操作提供了一系列的(连贯操作)封装,让你更方便的查询和操作数据。下面我们就来具体了解下这一用...
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