今天在修改论文在线的时候,遇到了iconv这个函数。学习一下
header('Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=UTF-8"'); $name=iconv('utf-8', 'gb2312', $data['year'].'年,第'.$data['period'].'期通信录'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="' . $name . '.xls"'); header('Cache-Control: max-age=0');
这段代码的意思,就是把utf-8格式转化为gb2312的格式,然后赋值给$name,这样导出excel文件的名字的时候,就是中文的$name的名字。
下边是关于这个函数的详细和延伸用法
iconv("UTF-8","GB2312//IGNORE",$data)
ignore的意思是忽略转换时的错误,如果没有ignore参数,所有该字符后面的字符串都无法被保存。
这个iconv()这个函数,在php5中是内置的.谢谢.
例子:
<?php echo $str= '你好,这里是卖咖啡!'; echo '<br />'; echo iconv('GB2312', 'UTF-8', $str); //将字符串的编码从GB2312转到UTF-8 echo '<br />'; echo iconv_substr($str, 1, 1, 'UTF-8'); //按字符个数截取而非字节 print_r(iconv_get_encoding()); //得到当前页面编码信息 echo iconv_strlen($str, 'UTF-8'); //得到设定编码的字符串长度 //也有这样用的 $content = iconv("UTF-8","gbk//TRANSLIT",$content); ?>
iconv不是php的默认函数,也是默认安装的模块。需要安装才能用的。
如果是windows2000+php,你可以修改php.ini文件,将extension=php_iconv.dll前的";"去掉,同时你要copy你的原php安装文件下的iconv.dll到你的winnt/system32下(如果你的dll指向的是这个目录)
在linux环境下,用静态安装的方式,在configure时加多一项 --with-iconv就可以了,phpinfo看得到iconv的项。(Linux7.3+Apache4.06+php4.3.2),
下载:ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.8.tar.gz
安装:
#cp libiconv-1.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src #tar zxvf lib* #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv #make #make install
编译php
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php4.3.2 --with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv/
使用的简单例子:
<?php echo iconv("gb2312","ISO-8859-1","我们"); ?>
PHP中的mb_convert_encoding与iconv函数介绍
mb_convert_encoding这个函数是用来转换编码的。原来一直对程序编码这一概念不理解,不过现在好像有点开窍了。
不过英文一般不会存在编码问题,只有中文数据才会有这个问题。比如你用Zend Studio或Editplus写程序时,用的是gbk编码,如果数据需要入数据库,而数据库的编码为utf8时,这时就要把数据进行编码转换,不然进到数据库就会变成乱码。
mb_convert_encoding的用法见官方:
http://cn.php.net/manual/zh/function.mb-convert-encoding.php
做一个GBK To UTF-8
< ?php header("content-Type: text/html; charset=Utf-8"); echo mb_convert_encoding("妳係我的友仔", "UTF-8", "GBK"); ?>
再来个GB2312 To Big5
< ?php header("content-Type: text/html; charset=big5"); echo mb_convert_encoding("你是我的朋友", "big5", "GB2312"); ?>
不过要使用上面的函数需要安装但是需要先enable mbstring 扩展库。
PHP中的另外一个函数iconv也是用来转换字符串编码的,与上函数功能相似。
下面还有一些详细的例子:
iconv — Convert string to requested character encoding (PHP 4 >= 4.0.5, PHP 5) mb_convert_encoding — Convert character encoding (PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5)
用法:
string mb_convert_encoding ( string str, string to_encoding [, mixed from_encoding] )
需要先enable mbstring 扩展库,在 php.ini里将; extension=php_mbstring.dll 前面的 ; 去掉
mb_convert_encoding 可以指定多种输入编码,它会根据内容自动识别,但是执行效率比iconv差太多;
string iconv ( string in_charset, string out_charset, string str )
注意:第二个参数,除了可以指定要转化到的编码以外,还可以增加两个后缀://TRANSLIT 和 //IGNORE,其中 //TRANSLIT 会自动将不能直接转化的字符变成一个或多个近似的字符,//IGNORE 会忽略掉不能转化的字符,而默认效果是从第一个非法字符截断。
Returns the converted string or FALSE on failure.
使用:
发现iconv在转换字符”—”到gb2312时会出错,如果没有ignore参数,所有该字符后面的字符串都无法被保存。不管怎么样,这个”—”都无法转换成功,无法输出。 另外mb_convert_encoding没有这个bug.
一般情况下用 iconv,只有当遇到无法确定原编码是何种编码,或者iconv转化后无法正常显示时才用mb_convert_encoding 函数.
from_encoding is specified by character code name before conversion. it can be array or string - comma separated enumerated list. If it is not specified, the internal encoding will be used.
/* Auto detect encoding from JIS, eucjp-win, sjis-win, then convert str to UCS-2LE */
$str = mb_convert_encoding($str, “UCS-2LE”, “JIS, eucjp-win, sjis-win”);
/* “auto” is expanded to “ASCII,JIS,UTF-8,EUC-JP,SJIS” */
$str = mb_convert_encoding($str, “EUC-JP”, “auto”);
例子:
$content = iconv(”GBK”, “UTF-8″, $content); $content = mb_convert_encoding($content, "UTF-8″,"GBK");
php中使用iconv函数时容易忽略的参数
今天在处理抓取内容的时候,当采用iconv进行编码转换的时候,发现结果会中断,猜是字符集的问题,考虑怎么跳过目标字符集不存在的字符,查手册发现iconv的函数只有三个参数,好像不行,然后查网上有人说可以,但是很奇怪怎么实现,最后发现英文描述有说可以加标识到目标编码后面:“TRANSLIT”,很郁闷怎么加呢?原来是先加“//”,真是郁闷,竟然有这样的设计
原型: $txtContent = iconv("utf-8",'GBK',$txtContent);
特殊参数:iconv("UTF-8","GB2312//IGNORE",$data)
两个可选的辅助参数:TRANSLIT和IGNORE ,(其中IGNORE 就是说遇到无法转换的就跳过)。
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望大家能够喜欢。

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