Newbies learning WEB development [How to choose language for large websites] [What is cloud computing], please give me some advice_html/css_WEB-ITnose

I have never learned WEB development. Recently I want to make my own web page. I don’t know where to start. I hope all novices, veterans or experts can give me some guidance.

My situation is:
I am best at C. I have also read the most classic books on C and studied some libraries.
I have read some books on design patterns (C implementation)
Use QT/VC for interface development
Use LINUX for the work platform (two years ago to now)
[I am doing high-performance computing]

Understand a little HTML, some concepts of CSS, and a little javascript

My question is:
If I want to learn WEB development, can I independently develop a program like [Sina Microwave] [FACEBOOK 】What should I do with such a website?
After checking, FACEBOOK is PHP LINUX. . . If the platform is used, should I make PHP the main language I want to learn?
Compared with PHP and JAVA, is there any advantage in the long run?
[I checked ASP.NET, something from Microsoft. For me, it may be the fastest to get started, but I heard that the server can only be WINDOWS, so I decided Cannot be selected]

Reply to discussion (solution)

PHP LAMP...

PHP is more common in China, and java is more common globally. many.

PHP LAMP... Thank you

There are more php in China and more java globally. Thank you