selenium webdriver(2)-page object positioning_html/css_WEB-ITnose

webdriver的元素定位很灵活，提供了多种定位方式：

Id

LinkText

PartialLinkText

Name

TagName

Xpath

ClassName

CssSelector

这些方法可以在org.openqa.selenium.By中找到,下面一一道来；

假如有这样的需求：登录安居客网站，搜索陆家嘴附近的二手房源,网页是这样的

这个需求涉及到一个输入框和一个提交按钮，先查看网页源码

在输入框中输入“陆家嘴”然后点击“二手房”按钮，如果能跳转到陆家嘴相关页面就完成了这个需求，我们尝试用webdriver提供的元素定位方法来解决

Id                                                                                                                                                                                       

id是唯一标识，通过id来定位是非常快速和准确的

import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");            //id      WebElement text=driver.findElement(By.id("glb_search0"));      text.sendKeys("陆家嘴");      WebElement button=driver.findElement(By.id("btnSubmit"));      button.click();            if(driver.getTitle().contains("陆家嘴"))          System.out.print("搜索成功,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());      else          System.out.print("搜索失败,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());            driver.quit();       }  }

Name                                                                                                                                                                                 

提交表单时可以通过name属性获取数据，较id来说并不常用，有id属性时建议优先使用id属性，上面的源码中text输入框是有name属性的，button依然用id来获取(当然，如果测试需要的话可以修改源码，没有修改源码权限的自动化测试是很难进行的)。

import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");            //name      WebElement text=driver.findElement(By.name("kw"));      text.sendKeys("陆家嘴");      WebElement button=driver.findElement(By.id("btnSubmit"));      button.click();            if(driver.getTitle().contains("陆家嘴"))          System.out.print("搜索成功,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());      else          System.out.print("搜索失败,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());            driver.quit();       }  }

TagName                                                                                                                                                                           

tagname一般用来获取批量数据，如统计页面链接数，输入框数量等等，用tagname来定位单一元素有点麻烦

import java.util.List;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");            List<WebElement> inputs=driver.findElements(By.tagName("input"));      for(int index=0;index<inputs.size();index++){          if(inputs.get(index).getAttribute("id").equals("glb_search0"))              inputs.get(index).sendKeys("陆家嘴");          if(inputs.get(index).getAttribute("id").equals("btnSubmit"))              inputs.get(index).click();      }                if(driver.getTitle().contains("陆家嘴"))          System.out.print("搜索成功,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());      else          System.out.print("搜索失败,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());            driver.quit();       }  }

ClassName                                                                                                                                                                        

当标签具有class属性时也可使用classname来定位，不过要注意class的值不是唯一的findElement方法返回匹配到的第一个元素

import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");            //classname      WebElement text=driver.findElement(By.className("kw"));      text.sendKeys("陆家嘴");      WebElement button=driver.findElement(By.className("btn"));      button.click();                if(driver.getTitle().contains("陆家嘴"))          System.out.print("搜索成功,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());      else          System.out.print("搜索失败,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());            driver.quit();       }  }

Xpath                                                                                                                                                                                 

xpath相关教程可以参考w3school上的教程，为了程序的统一性，平时工作中我都是使用xpath来定位元素的

import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");            //xpath      WebElement text=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='glb_search0']"));      text.sendKeys("陆家嘴");      WebElement button=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='btnSubmit']"));      button.click();                if(driver.getTitle().contains("陆家嘴"))          System.out.print("搜索成功,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());      else          System.out.print("搜索失败,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());            driver.quit();       }  }

CssSelector                                                                                                                                                                       

CssSelector教程可以参考css3-selectors，CssSelector和xpath应该是实际工作中用的最多的定位方法了，两者没有优劣之分，看个人喜好吧。

import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");            //cssSelector      WebElement text=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[id='glb_search0']"));      text.sendKeys("陆家嘴");      WebElement button=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[id='btnSubmit']"));      button.click();                if(driver.getTitle().contains("陆家嘴"))          System.out.print("搜索成功,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());      else          System.out.print("搜索失败,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());            driver.quit();       }  }

LinkText和PartialLinkText                                                                                                                                                  

LinkText和PartialLinkText用来定位网页中的超链接，需要a标签中的全部或部分内容即可。例如，需要访问热门版块中的古美罗阳可以这样定位

import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");            //linkText      WebElement a=driver.findElement(By.linkText("古美罗阳"));      a.click();      //partialLinkText      //WebElement a=driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("古美"));      //a.click();      if(driver.getTitle().contains("古美罗阳"))          System.out.print("访问成功,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());      else          System.out.print("访问失败,当前页面为"+driver.getTitle());            driver.quit();       }  }

层级定位                                                                                                                                                                             

webdriver提供了层级定位的方式即通过父元素访问其子元素，比如，输出热门版块下的所有版块

import java.util.List;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; public class NewTest  {    public static void main(String[] args)    {          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe");      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();      driver.get("http://anjuke.com");                  WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='content_Rd0']/dl[@class='dl0']/dd"));            List<WebElement> links=element.findElements(By.tagName("a"));            for(int index=0;index<links.size();index++){          System.out.println(links.get(index).getAttribute("text"));      }            driver.quit();       }  }