一::before && :after的用法
:before
如同对伪元素的名称一样,:before 是用来给指定的元素的内容前面插入新的内容。举例说明:
.before:before{content:'you before'; color:red;} <div class="before"> me</div>
在这里我们给伪元素 :before 添加了属性 content,并赋值为 you before。我们来看效果:
//在指定元素的内容 me 前添加了新内容 you before
我们不难发现这里通过伪元素 :before 添加的新内容区域默认的 display 属性值为 inline,那么我们可不可以修改新内容区域的属性,答案是肯定的。你可以像修改其他元素一样修改它的样式,我们来将它的 display 属性值来改为block。
.before:before{content:'you before'; display:block; color:red;} <div class="before"> me</div>
现在我们再来看下效果:
//由伪元素 :before 生成新内容区域果然变为了块元素
content 属性
对于伪元素 :before 和 :after 而言,属性 content 是必须设置的,我们知道属性的值可以为字符串,也可以有其它形式,比如指向一张图片的 URL:
content: url( "img/icon.png" )
配合伪类使用
伪元素 :before 还可以配合伪类使用,这里举经常与 :before 配合使用的伪类 :hover 为例:
.before:hover:before{content:'you before'; color:red;} <div class="before"> me</div>
配合取值函数 attr() 使用
还有一种较为常见的用法,即配合取值函数 attr() 一起使用,如:
a::before{content: attr(title)} <a href="http://www.segmentfault.com" title="专业面向开发者的中文技术问答社区"></a>
这个达到的效果跟下面一样:
<a href="http://www.segmentfault.com">专业面向开发者的中文技术问答社区</a>
:after
伪元素 :after 与 伪元素 :before 类型相同,只不过它指定的属性 content 值为出现在指定元素内容的后面,说明省。
二:伪类和伪元素的区别
伪类种类
伪元素种类
伪类:作用对象是整个元素
例如:
a:link {color:#111}a:hover {color:#222}div:first-child {color:#333}div:nth-child(3) {color:#444}
尽管这些条件不是基于DOM的,但结果每一个都是作用于一个完整的元素,比如整个链接,段落,div等等。
伪元素:作用于元素的一部分
例如:
p::first-line {color:#555}p::first-letter {color:#666}a::before {content : "hello world";}
伪元素作用于元素的一部分:一个段落的第一行 或者 第一个字母。
总结:
伪元素其实相当于伪造了一个元素,例如before,first-letter达到的效果就是伪造了一个元素,然后添加了其相应的效果而已;
而伪类没有伪造元素,例如first-child只是给子元素添加样式而已。
伪元素和伪类之所以这么容易混淆,是因为他们的效果类似而且写法相仿,但实际上 css3 为了区分两者,已经明确规定了伪类用一个冒号来表示,而伪元素则用两个冒号来表示。
但因为兼容性的问题,所以现在大部分还是统一的单冒号,但是抛开兼容性的问题,我们在书写时应该尽可能养成好习惯,区分两者。
作者:风雨后见彩虹
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/moqiutao/
如果您觉得本文对您的学习有所帮助,请多支持与鼓励。

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