【css sprite】
【定义】css sprite是一种网页图片应用处理方式,它允许将一个页面涉及到的所有零星图片都包含到一张大图中
【优点】
[1]减少http请求次数
[2]减少图片大小,提升网页加载速度 (多张图片加载速度小于拼合成的图片的加载速度)
【缺点】
[1]提高开发成本
[2]提高维护成本
【补充】(浏览器对并行网络请求有个数限制)
http1.1(持久保持) http1.0(短暂保持)
IE6、7 2 4
IE8 6 6
firefox 6 6
chrome 6 6
【应用场景】:它能合并的只能是用于背景的图片
[1]对于设置的图片,是不能合并到大图的,如果合并这些图片会影响页面可读性,语义化降低且可调整的范围小。
[2]对于横向和纵向都平铺的图片,也不能使用css cprite,如果是横向平铺的,只能将所有横向平铺的图合并成一张大图,只能竖直排列,不能水平排列;如果是纵向平铺的,我们只能将所有纵向平铺的图合并成一张大图,只能水平排列,不能竖直排列。
【计算方法】
[1]因background-position代表图片的起始位置,从左上角开始,x轴向右为正,y轴向下为正。故一般sprite值均为负值
[2]background-position的计算是指0点到图片左上角的偏移
[3]left:背景图左侧对齐元素左侧; right: 背景图右侧对齐元素右侧; center: 背景图中间对齐元素中间
【浏览器兼容方案】:IE6不支持PNG24半透明
[1]处理方法1
[a]给高级浏览器存一份sprite.png 24
[b]给IE存一份带背景切的sprite_ie.png 8
[2]处理方法2
[a]高级浏览器用css3
[b]低级浏览器用切图+hack来处理
[3]处理方法3:优雅降级
【注意事项】
[1]一个元素既有背景图像又有背景颜色时,背景颜色一定要写成background-color,如果写成background会覆盖背景图像的属性
[2]使用css精灵处理icon一定要事先确定好小图标的大小,否则后期维护时会非常麻烦

The future trends of HTML are semantics and web components, the future trends of CSS are CSS-in-JS and CSSHoudini, and the future trends of JavaScript are WebAssembly and Serverless. 1. HTML semantics improve accessibility and SEO effects, and Web components improve development efficiency, but attention should be paid to browser compatibility. 2. CSS-in-JS enhances style management flexibility but may increase file size. CSSHoudini allows direct operation of CSS rendering. 3.WebAssembly optimizes browser application performance but has a steep learning curve, and Serverless simplifies development but requires optimization of cold start problems.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: 1. HTML defines the web page structure, 2. CSS controls the web page style, and 3. JavaScript adds dynamic behavior. Together, they build the framework, aesthetics and interactivity of modern websites.

The future of HTML is full of infinite possibilities. 1) New features and standards will include more semantic tags and the popularity of WebComponents. 2) The web design trend will continue to develop towards responsive and accessible design. 3) Performance optimization will improve the user experience through responsive image loading and lazy loading technologies.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: HTML is responsible for content structure, CSS is responsible for style, and JavaScript is responsible for dynamic behavior. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and content through tags to ensure semantics. 2. CSS controls the web page style through selectors and attributes to make it beautiful and easy to read. 3. JavaScript controls web page behavior through scripts to achieve dynamic and interactive functions.

HTMLisnotaprogramminglanguage;itisamarkuplanguage.1)HTMLstructuresandformatswebcontentusingtags.2)ItworkswithCSSforstylingandJavaScriptforinteractivity,enhancingwebdevelopment.

HTML is the cornerstone of building web page structure. 1. HTML defines the content structure and semantics, and uses, etc. tags. 2. Provide semantic markers, such as, etc., to improve SEO effect. 3. To realize user interaction through tags, pay attention to form verification. 4. Use advanced elements such as, combined with JavaScript to achieve dynamic effects. 5. Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values, and verification tools are required. 6. Optimization strategies include reducing HTTP requests, compressing HTML, using semantic tags, etc.

HTML is a language used to build web pages, defining web page structure and content through tags and attributes. 1) HTML organizes document structure through tags, such as,. 2) The browser parses HTML to build the DOM and renders the web page. 3) New features of HTML5, such as, enhance multimedia functions. 4) Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values. 5) Optimization suggestions include using semantic tags and reducing file size.

WebdevelopmentreliesonHTML,CSS,andJavaScript:1)HTMLstructurescontent,2)CSSstylesit,and3)JavaScriptaddsinteractivity,formingthebasisofmodernwebexperiences.


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