如何实现背景透明，文字不透明，兼容所有浏览器？
我们平时调整的不透明度如图所示：
实现透明的css方法通常有以下3种方式，以下是不透明度都为80%的写法：
css的opacity
兼容性：IE6、7、8不支持，IE9及以上版本和标准浏览器都支持,如图所示：
使用说明：设置opacity元素的所有后代元素会随着一起具有透明性，一般用于调整图片或者模块的整体不透明度
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明，文字不透明</title><style>*{ padding: 0; margin: 0;}body{ padding: 50px; background: red;}.demo{ width:200px; margin:0 auto; padding: 25px; background-color:#000000; opacity: 0.2;}.demo p{ color: #FFFFFF;}</style></head><body><div class="demo"> <p>背景透明，文字也透明</p></div></body></html> 使用opacity后整个模块都透明了，展现如下：
那么使用opacity实现《背景透明，文字不透明》是不可取的。
css的rgba
兼容性：IE6、7、8不支持，IE9及以上版本和标准浏览器都支持
使用说明：设置颜色的不透明度，一般用于调整background-color、color、box-shadow等的不透明度。
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明，文字不透明</title><style>*{ padding: 0; margin: 0;}body{ padding: 50px; background: red;}.demo{ width:200px; margin:0 auto; padding: 25px; background-color:#000000;/* IE6和部分IE7内核的浏览器(如QQ浏览器)下颜色被覆盖 */ background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2); /* IE6和部分IE7内核的浏览器(如QQ浏览器)会读懂，但解析为透明 */}.demo p{ color: #FFFFFF;}</style></head><body><div class="demo"> <p>背景透明，文字不透明</p></div></body></html> 在background-color中使用rgba，标准浏览器中，背景透明，文字不透明，展现如下：
这种写法是可以实现背景透明，文字不透明的，只是IE8及低版本不支持。
IE专属滤镜 filter:Alpha(opacity=x)
使用说明：IE浏览器专属，问题多多，本文以设置背景透明为例子，如下：
- 仅支持IE6、7、8、9，在IE10版本被废除
- 在IE6、7中，需要激活IE的haslayout属性(如：*zoom:1或者*overflow:hidden)，让它读懂filter:Alpha
- 在IE6、7、8中，设置了filter:Alpha的元素，父元素设置position:static(默认属性)，其子元素为相对定位，可让子元素不透明
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明，文字不透明</title><style>*{ padding: 0; margin: 0;}body{ padding: 50px; background: red;}.demo{ width:200px; margin:0 auto; padding: 25px; background:#000; filter:Alpha(opacity=50);/* 只支持IE6、7、8、9 */ position:static; /* IE6、7、8只能设置position:static(默认属性) ，否则会导致子元素继承Alpha值 */ *zoom:1; /* 激活IE6、7的haslayout属性，让它读懂Alpha */}.demo p{ color: #FFFFFF; position: relative;/* 设置子元素为相对定位，可让子元素不继承Alpha值，保证字体颜色不透明 */}</style></head><body><div class="demo"> <p>背景透明，文字不透明</p></div></body></html> 全兼容的方案
上以上3点分析可知，设置透明背景文字不透明，可采用的属性有rgba和IE的专属滤镜filter:Alpha
针对IE6、7、8浏览器，我们可以采用fiter:Alpha，针对标准浏览器我们采用rgba，那么问题来了，IE9浏览器2个属性都支持，一起使用会重复降低不透明度...
那么，如何只对IE6、7、8使用fiter:Alpha如何实现呢，找到只支持IE 6、7、8的方案，如下：
/* 只支持IE6、7、8 */@media \0screen\,screen\9 {...} 所以兼容所以浏览器的代码如下：
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明，文字不透明</title><style>*{ padding: 0; margin: 0;}body{ padding: 50px; background: red;}.demo{ padding: 25px; margin:0 auto; width:200px; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);/* IE9、标准浏览器、IE6和部分IE7内核的浏览器(如QQ浏览器)会读懂 */}.demo p{ color: #FFFFFF;}@media \0screen\,screen\9 {/* 只支持IE6、7、8 */ .demo{ background-color:#000000; filter:Alpha(opacity=50); position:static; /* IE6、7、8只能设置position:static(默认属性) ，否则会导致子元素继承Alpha值 */ *zoom:1; /* 激活IE6、7的haslayout属性，让它读懂Alpha */ } .demo p{ position: relative;/* 设置子元素为相对定位，可让子元素不继承Alpha值 */ } }</style></head><body><div class="demo"> <p>背景透明，文字不透明</p></div></body></html> 有的网友觉得这样做没有必要，我觉得也没有必要，这只是实现背景透明，文字不透明的一种兼容方式而已，还有其他的解决办法。
比如：两个DIV放在同一个位置就行了，一个透明DIV，一个文字DIV，也能实现，就是需要定位。
如果要兼容低版本浏览器，我一般还是切透明图片，放在背景里面，这样既不用写这么多样式，也不用需要定位就能解决。（如果背景不是单一的透明颜色，只有切成图片才行）。
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