CSS语法中通过依据元素在其位置的上下文关系来定义样式,你可以使标记更加简洁。
在CSS1中,通过这种方式来应用规则的选择器被称为上下文选择器(contextual selectors),这是由于它们依赖于
上下文关系来应用或者避免某项规则。在CSS2中,它们称为派生选择器,但是无论你如何称呼它们,它们的作用都
是相同的。派生选择器允许你根据文档的上下文关系来确定某个标签的样式。通过合理地使用派生选择器,我们可以
使HTML代码变得更加整洁。
举一个例子来说,你希望列表中的 strong 元素变为斜体字,而不是通常的粗体字,可以这样定义一个派生选择
器:
<span style="font-size:18px;">li strong { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }</span>请注意标记为的代码的上下文关系:
<span style="font-size:18px;"><p><strong>我是粗体字,不是斜体字,因为我不在列表当中,所以这个规则对我不起作用</strong></p> <ol> <li><strong>我是斜体字。这是因为 strong 元素位于 li 元素内。</strong></li> <li>我是正常的字体。</li> </ol></span>
在上面的例子中,只有 li 元素中的 strong 元素的样式为斜体字,无需为 strong 元素定义特别的 class 或 id,代
码更加简洁。
我们可以看以运行的结果为:
接下来我们来看看常见的派生选择器。
一后代(包含)选择器
后代选择器又称为包含选择器。后代选择器可以选择作为某元素后代的元素。选择某元素后代的元素,并设置一
些样式。
(1)根据上下文选择元素
我们可以定义后代选择器来创建一些规则,使这些规则在某些文档结构中起作用,而在另外一些结构中不起作
用。上述的例子就是一个标准的后代选择器的演示。
(2)语法解释
在后代选择器中,规则左边的选择器一端包括两个或多个用空格分隔的选择器。选择器之间的空格是一种结合
符。每个空格结合符可以解释为“... 在 ... 找到”、“... 作为 ... 的一部分”、“... 作为 ... 的后代”,但是要求必须从右向左
读选择器。语法:选择器 选择器 [选择器...] {}。有关后代选择器有一个易被忽视的方面,即两个元素之间的层次间隔
可以是无限的。
比如:h1 span{ } span嵌套在h1中
<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"> <title></title></span></span>

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