css雪碧图又叫css精灵或css sprite,是一种背景图片的拼合技术。使用css雪碧图,能够减少页面的请求数、降低图片占用的字节,以此来达到提升页面访问速度的目的。但是它也有令人诟病的地方,就是拼图和后期维护的成本比较大。也正是因为这一点,导致很多开发者懒于使用css雪碧图。
配置compass项目
$ compass init
会生成相应的目录和配置文件。在images目录下建立logo目录存放需合并的图标。项目目录结构如下:
- sass<br /> |-- icons.scss<br /> |-- screen.scss- stylesheet- images |-- logo
config.rb 文件配置如下:
1 http_path = "/"2 css_dir = "stylesheets"3 sass_dir = "sass"4 images_dir = "images"5 javascripts_dir = "javascripts"6 7 relative_assets = true // 使用相对目录8 line_comments = false // 关闭行注释
合并雪碧图
输出所有雪碧图样式
新建一个文件icons.scss,在screen.scss中引入icons.scss。
在icons.scss里面引入sprites: @import "compass/utilities/sprites"
images文件里子目录logo:把所有图片放到这里。(方便将来将其和其他图片区分开来)
在icons.scss文件里将logo文件引入进来: @import "logo/*.png"; (*引入logo目录下的所有文件)。
1 @import "compass/utilities/sprites"; // 加载compass sprites模块2 @import "share/*.png"; // 导入share目录下所有png图片3 @include all-share-sprites; // 输出所有的雪碧图css
生成的代码中 .logo-sprite 是雪碧图的基础类生成的每个雪碧图默认的class规则是: .目录名-图片名 。
调用单个雪碧图样式
1 @import "compass/utilities/sprites"; // 加载compass sprites模块2 @import "share/*.png"; // 导入logo目录下所有png图片3 .main-logo{4 @include logo-sprite("img1");5 }
编译后的css为:
1 .logo-sprite, .main-logo {2 background-image: url('../images/logo-sd097a30ac3.png');3 background-repeat: no-repeat;4 }5 .main-logo {6 background-position: 0 0;7 }
利用魔术精灵选择器智能输出
比如hover, active, focus, target等。利用compass的魔术精灵选择器我们就可以智能的合并各状态的图标,并输出对应的css。使用时,我们需要将图标按照一定的规则命名。例如:
img1.png // 默认状态图标img1_hover.png // hover状态图标img1_active.png // active状态图标
编译后的css为:
1 .logo-sprite, .main-logo { 2 background-image: url('../images/logo-sd097a30ac3.png'); 3 background-repeat: no-repeat; 4 } 5 .main-logo { 6 background-position: 0 0; 7 } 8 .main-logo:hover, .main-logo.img1-hover { 9 background-position: -120px 0;10 }11 .main-logo:active, .main-logo.img1-active {12 background-position: -60px 0;13 }
调出隐藏的logo.scss命令行:
compass sprite 'images/logo/*.png'
$logo-sprite-dimensions:用来控制输出CSS的时候是否根据图片大小对我们的相应类名css属性添加一个宽和高。
$logo-layout:修改合图布局方式。
--默认是垂直 horizontal水平的。
--diagonal斜对角线布局的。
--smart节省空间布局
1 $logo-sprite-dimensions: true;2 $logo-layout: horizontal;

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