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HTML语义化标签_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 24, 2016 am 11:31 AM

总所周知，现在的网页是由HTML、CSS、JS三大元素组成，而HTML是其中最重要的部分，是整个网页的骨架，CSS和js在骨架的基础上进行相应的修饰，使得网页成为一个有血有肉，可以动的“人”。如果HTML设计不合理，则类似一个骨骼不健全的人，即使外表再怎么修饰，也掩盖不了他明显的缺陷。

HTML标签都是带有语义考虑的，例如table语义为“表格”、tr为“单元行”、td为“单元格”。判断一个网页标签语义是否良好的一个简单方位就是：“去掉样式，看网页结构是否良好有序，是否任然具有很好的可读性”。一个语义良好的页面，h标签应该是完整有序没有断层的，按照h1、h2、h3、h4这样依次排列下来。在工作中可以使用web Developer或者firebug进行查看。W3C的官方网站就是一个典型的语义良好的标榜，http://www.w3.org/。

以下是去掉样式的W3C的官网

为了保证网页去样式后的可读性，并且又符合web标准，应该注意一下几点：

1 尽可能少的使用无语义的标签div和span；

2 在语义不明显时，既可以使用div或者p时，尽量用p, 因为p在默认情况下有上下间距，对兼容特殊终端有利；

3 不要使用纯样式标签，如：b、font、u等，改用css设置。

4 需要强调的文本，可以包含在strong或者em标签中，strong默认样式是加粗，而em是斜体；

5 使用表格时，标题要用caption，表头用thead，主体部分用tbody包围，尾部用tfoot包围。表头和一般单元格要区分开，表头用th，单元格用td；

6 表单域要用fieldset标签包起来，并用legend标签说明表单的用途；

7 每个input标签对应的说明文本都需要使用label标签，并且通过为input设置id属性，在lable标签中设置for=someld来让说明文本和相对应的input关联起来；

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