水平格式化
当我们在元素上设置width的时候,影响的是内容区的宽度 但是当我们又为元素指定指定了内边距 边框 外边距 还是会增加宽度值 (IE传统盒模型 内边距 边框 会在元素的宽度内扩展 margin会增加宽度 W3C标准盒模型 内边距 外边距 边框的宽度都会增加元素的宽度 ) 下面我以W3C标准盒模型来讨论负边距对元素的影响
#test { width:200px; background: red; padding: 20px; border:10px solid black; margin: 20px; } <p id="test">aaa</p>
上面这个p元素占据的宽度值 = margin(left+right) + padding(left+right) + border(left+right) + contentwidth = 20*2 + 20*2 + 10*2 + 200 = 300px
正常流中的块级元素框的水平部分总和等于父元素(父元素一般也为块级元素)的width
在这影响元素的宽度值的7个属性中 只有3个值能设置为auto 元素的contentwidth margin-left margin-right 在说负边距之前还是要对auto进行一下说明
(1)正常的情况下直接设置这三个属性的和等于父元素的宽度
(2)设置auto值的时候 会根据其他的值 自动的使总和等于父元素的宽度值
#test { width:200px; background: red; margin:0 auto 0 100px; } div { width:500px; } <div><p id="test">aaa</p></div>
上面的例子 我们设置父元素的包含元素 margin-left:100px margin-right:auto width:200px 父元素的宽度为500px
发现右边距自动的变成了200px
2.1 左右边距均为auto width为一定宽度 会将父元素剩余的内容宽度(父元素的内容宽度-子元素的内容宽度) 平均的分配给margin-left margin-right 实现子元素在父元素的居中
2.2 一个外边距为auto 子元素的width为auto 另一个外边距为定长
#test { width:auto; background: red; margin:0 auto 0 100px; } div { width:500px; } <div><p id="test">aaa</p></div>
此时设置为auto的外边距会变成0 width会自动的填充剩余的值(尽可能的宽)
2.3 如果都设置为auto 那两个外边距会变成0 子元素的宽度会变成父元素的内容宽度
下面我们来考虑负边距的情况
#test {
width:auto;
background: red;
margin:0 -150px 0 100px;
}
div {
width:500px;
}
aaa
上面的例子中父元素的内容宽度为500 子元素的宽度为auto margin-left为100 margin-right为-150px 我们看一下它实际的内容宽度的值
550 > 500 也就是我们子元素的宽度超出了父元素的内容宽度 其实这是可以的 100 + auto(550) + (-150) = 500 auto为了满足总的宽度之和等于父元素的内容宽度 变成了550
在考虑负边距对元素的影响的时候,浏览器会认为负边距缩小了元素的宽度 实际上元素的宽度是没有变化的
p { background: red; display:inline-block; width:100px; margin-right: -20px; } <p>aaaaaaa</p><span>aaaa</span>
上面的例子中元素的宽度实际上还是100 但是由于负边距的设置 浏览器认为它的边界变小了 后边的元素就流进了它的里面
下面的图是没有设置margin-right为负的情况
不同于position:relative position:relative 会使元素相对于原来的位置在文档流中偏移 但是不会丢失原来文档流的位置
具体的应用可以参考
参考 CSS权威指南

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