在知道了CSS选择符最基础的知识后,就要综合利用它们了。这里就记录几种常见的用法。
1.针对性的使用类选择符或者ID选择符
类选择符在一个页面中可能会在不同的地方应用,那么就需要有针对性地使用类选择符。如下例:
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>css-test</title> 6 <style> 7 .myContent{ 8 font-size: 12px; 9 color: #00f;10 }11 p.myContent{12 font-size: 25px;13 line-height: 5px;14 text-decoration:underline;15 font-weight:bold;16 color: #f00;17 }18 </style>19 </head>20 <body>21 <div class="myContent">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</div>22 <p class="myContent">1与世界同步,做一个成功的页面仔</p>23 <span class="myContent">2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧</span>24 </body>25 </html>
该例子在style中定义了一个.myContent的css类和组合选择符 p.myContent(注意p和.myContent没有空格),且页面中的div、p和span元素也都引用了myContent类,但是由于存在p.myContent,所以div和span的文字会是蓝色,而p中的文字会是红色,如下图所示:
在此种应用下,ID选择符和类选择符相似,只需将.换成#即可(p#myId),如下例
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>css-test</title> 6 <style> 7 .myContent{ 8 font-size: 12px; 9 color: #00f;10 }11 p#myId{12 font-size: 25px;13 line-height: 5px;14 text-decoration:underline;15 font-weight:bold;16 color: #f00;17 }18 </style>19 </head>20 <body>21 <!--<p>css很强大,<span>可以控制页面<strong>任何元素</strong>的样式</span><strong>dfd</strong></p>-->22 <div class="myContent">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</div>23 <p id="myId">1与世界同步,做一个成功的页面仔</p>24 <span class="myContent">2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧</span>25 </body>26 </html>
运行结果和上图一样。
2.选择符群组
即将多个相同定义的选择符合并,如下例中将p,类选择符.myContent以及id选择符#myId共同定义成红色、加粗、带下划线、字体大小为25px的文字 p,.myContent,#myId {property:value;},注意它们之间使用逗号隔开的。
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>css-test</title> 6 <style> 7 p,.myContent,#myId{ 8 font-size: 25px; 9 text-decoration:underline;10 font-weight:bold;11 color: #f00;12 }13 </style>14 </head>15 <body>16 <!--<p>css很强大,<span>可以控制页面<strong>任何元素</strong>的样式</span><strong>dfd</strong></p>-->17 <div class="myContent">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</div>18 <p>1与世界同步,做一个成功的页面仔</p>19 <span id="myId">2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧</span>20 </body>21 </html>
运行结果如下图
3.CSS的优先级
多重样式(Multiple Styles):如果外部样式、内部样式和内联样式同时应用于同一个元素,就是使多重样式的情况。一般情况下,此时的优先级如下:
标有!important样式>内嵌样式 (HTML元素中的style)> 内部样式表 (head中的style)> 外联样式表(head中外部引入的)>浏览器默认样式
例如:
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>css-test</title> 6 <style> 7 p,.myContent,#myId{ 8 font-size: 25px; 9 text-decoration:underline;10 font-weight:bold;11 color: #f00;12 }13 </style>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div class="myContent">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</div>17 <p style="color: blue">1与世界同步,做一个成功的页面仔</p>18 <span id="myId">2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧</span>19 </body>20 </html>
虽然在head的style中设置了p标签内的文字样式颜色为红色,但是在HTML的p元素中又通过style属性对其颜色进行了设置(蓝色)。因为内嵌样式优先级高于内部样式表,所以p标签中的文字最终表现为蓝色,如下图所示。
4.CSS的权重
为了在多个样式修饰同一元素时,更准确的判断到底利用哪个CSS,可以使用权重加权的方法,即为每类选择符赋予权重,然后计算出现的选择符组合的加权权重,最终得出的积分最高的就为最终的样式。
例子:
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>css-test</title> 6 <style> 7 p { 8 color:blue; 9 }10 /*p * {color: red;}*/11 p.myColor{12 color: black;13 }14 .myColor{15 color: yellow;16 }17 #myId{18 color: green;19 }20 </style>21 </head>22 <body>23 <p>Hello</p>24 <p class="myColor">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</p>25 <p class="myColor" id="myId">1与世界同步,做一p st页面仔</p>26 <p style="color: red" class="myColor">2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧</p>27 </body>28 </html>
分析:代码中,各个选择符的权重加权后所得的积分如下
p=1
p.myColor=1+10=11
.myColor=10
#myId=100
style="color: red"=1000<br /><br />所以,“Hello”为蓝色(p=1);“css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式”为黑色(p.myColor=1+10=11);“1与世界同步,做一p st页面仔”为绿色(#myId=100);“2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧”为红色(style="color: red"=1000),如下图所示。<br /><br /><strong>5.css引入顺序的影响</strong><br />在head中的style中定义样式(.myColor1和.myColor2)的顺序以及在HTML元素p中引用这些类时的顺序会产生怎样的影响呢?我们做个试验。<br />a.首先在head的style中首定义.myColor1,再定义.myColor2;然后在p中分别引入两个类,但顺序不同<p class="myColor1 myColor2">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</p><p class="myColor2 myColor1">1与世界同步,做一个页面仔</p>,代码如下:<br />
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>css-test</title> 6 <style> 7 .myColor1{ 8 color: red; 9 }10 .myColor2{11 color: blue;12 }13 </style>14 </head>15 <body>16 <p class="myColor1 myColor2">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</p>17 <p class="myColor2 myColor1">1与世界同步,做一个页面仔</p>18 <p>2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧</p>19 </body>20 </html>
运行结果如下图:<br /><br />
b.首先在head的style中首定义.myColor2,再定义.myColor1;然后在p中分别引入两个类,但顺序不同
css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式
1与世界同步,做一个页面仔
,代码如下:
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>css-test</title> 6 <style> 7 .myColor2{ 8 color: blue; 9 }10 .myColor1{11 color: red;12 }13 </style>14 </head>15 <body>16 <!--<p>css很强大,<span>可以控制页面<strong>任何元素</strong>的样式</span><strong>dfd</strong></p>-->17 <p class="myColor1 myColor2">css很强大,可以控制页面任何元素的样式</p>18 <p class="myColor2 myColor1">1与世界同步,做一个页面仔</p>19 <p>2让我们看看css多么奇妙吧</p>20 </body>21 </html>
运行结果如下图:
通过上述两组实验可以看出,css只与定义的顺序有关系,而与在元素中引用的顺序并没有关系,并且后定义的样式会覆盖之前定义的样式,其实这也是css为什么叫做样式层叠表。

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