什么是 hakyll
hakyll 是类似于 jekyll 的一个用来搭建静态站点的工具
hakyll 与 jekyll 的不同
hakyll 与其他大多数同类工具相比 拥有非常大的灵活性,github 默认的静态网页生成器 jekyll 是一个遵循约定大于配置的工具, 使用 jekyll 就必须遵循它的约定.比如博文需要以 yy-mm-dd 开头的文件名形式存放在 ~posts~/ 文件夹下.而 hakyll 就拥有更大的灵活性, hakyll 的哲学在于, 用户书写内容, hakyll 负责把这些 内容转化成不同的展现形式.这样生成的站点形式就不局限于博客, 也可以包含 slides 或者 pdf 之类的内容.
hakyll 的安装与基本使用
hakyll 使用非常高大上的 haskell 语言编写, 所以要使用 hakyll 就需要haskell 环境. 在 mac 下的安装非常简单
brew install ghc cabal-install
安装完成后记得把 \$HOME/.cabal/bin 加入到 \$PATH.然后就可以新建一个站点了
$ hakyll-init my-site $ cd my-site $ ghc --make -threaded site.hs $ ./site build $ ./site watch
打开 http://localhost:8000/ 就能看到默认生成的站点了, 如果你只想像使用 jekyll 一样使用 hakyll 的话, 到这里就够了, 同样在 posts 文件夹下书写你的博文就可以了
hakyll 的高级功能
如果你想领略 hakyll 的强大而灵活的配置, 那么请往下看
hakyll 的工作原理
如果你照着上面的方式安装并初始化了 hakyll 的话,你的站点文件结构就会类似于
. ├── README.md ├── about.rst ├── contact.markdown ├── css │ └── default.scss ├── images │ └── haskell-logo.png ├── index.html ├── posts │ └── use-hakyll-to-build-static-website.org ├── site ├── site.hi ├── site.hs ├── site.o └── templates ├── archive.html ├── default.html ├── post-list.html └── post.html
这样, 其实除了 site 开头的几个文件以外 (site 是编译好的二进制文件,有100mb 左右大小, 记得不要纳入版本控制!), 其他都是静态文件,且结构是可以随便定义的。其中 site.hs 可以认为是 hakyll 的配置文件,打开它就会看到一大堆看(高)不(大)懂(上)的 haskell 代码。
稍微观察一下就会发现, 其中有三个关键词
- match
- route
- compile
match 就是匹配, 后面的文件名是你站点目录下的源文件, 比如 'css/*' 就指代css 文件夹下的所有文件
route 和我们通常程序中所有的路由有点不同, 指的是 match到的文件会被放置在编译好的站点的位置(默认是 ~site~ 文件夹)
compile 就像是一个管道, 一个资源, 从 match (头) 到 route(尾)的过程中需要做的转换工作, 比如 markdown -> html, 或者压缩混淆等
这样一来 hakyll 的结构就很清楚了, 用户提供原始的数据, 然后 hakyll就去编译他们并且放置到正确的位置
下面举几个实际的例子, 来表现一下 hakyll 的强大
sass 支持
-- 使用 compass 来处理 scss 样式 match (fromList ["sass/main.scss", "sass/blog.scss"]) $ do route $ setExtension "css" compile $ getResourceString >>= withItemBody (unixFilter "sass" ["-s", "--scss", "-I", "sass/"]) >>= return . fmap compressCss
创建不存在的页面
create ["archive.html"] $ do route idRoute compile $ do posts <- recentFirst =<< loadAll "posts/*" let archiveCtx = listField "posts" postCtx (return posts) `mappend` constField "title" "Archives" `mappend` defaultContext makeItem "" >>= loadAndApplyTemplate "templates/archive.html" archiveCtx >>= loadAndApplyTemplate "templates/default.html" archiveCtx >>= relativizeUrls
这个例子中 archive.html 这个页面原本是不存在的,里面的内容都是动态获取的, 它读取了 posts/ 下的所有文件 读取他们的 title属性, 然后列出来, 这和 jekyll 的读取一个对象的属性并循环出来有点不同,毕竟 haskell 是函数式语言
幻灯片
match "slides/*" $ do route $ setExtension "html" compile $ getResourceString >>= withItemBody (unixFilter "pandoc" ["-s", "--mathml", "-i", "-t", "dzslides"])
使用强大的 pandoc, 直接就把 markdown 文件变成 slides 了.
真实的例子
这里 列出了很多使用 hakyll的网站, 都有源码在 github 上, 可供参考
总结
hakyll 就是一根管道, 把你书写的内容以合适的方式展现出来便是它的作用了

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