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HomeWeb Front-endHTML Tutorial几个实用的Sass mixins_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Mixins 是 Sass (其实很多预处理语言都有) 中用来方便地复用代码的方法,你可以简单点理解成函数,返回的是一组 CSS 属性或代码。

@mixin border-radius($radius) {  -webkit-border-radius: $radius;     -moz-border-radius: $radius;      -ms-border-radius: $radius;          border-radius: $radius;}.box { @include border-radius(10px); }

上面的代码处理后,将得到下面 CSS 代码。

.box { -webkit-border-radius: 10px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -ms-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;}

如果你对 Sass 不熟悉,可以先去 学习一番,让我们进入主题,介绍几个实用的 mixins。

Absolute Position

如果你的页面中经常用到 absolute 定位,你可以试试下面这个:

@mixin abs-pos ($top: auto, $right: auto, $bottom: auto, $left: auto) {  top: $top;  right: $right;  bottom: $bottom;  left: $left;  position: absolute;}

使用

.abs {  @include abs-pos(10px, 10px, 5px, 15px);}

产出

.abs { top: 10px; right: 10px; bottom: 5px; left: 15px; position: absolute;}

带有优雅降级地使用 rem 单位

熟悉 rem 单位的前端er是否遇到过不支持的浏览器? 你如何解决的呢?下面这个 mixin 我们加上 px 单位作 fallback:

@function calculateRem($size: 16) {  $remSize: $size / 16px;  @return $remSize * 1rem;}@mixin font-size($size) {  font-size: $size;  font-size: calculateRem($size);}

使用

p {  @include font-size(14px)}

产出

p { font-size: 14px; font-size: 0.8rem;}

Clearfix

网上有很多 clearfix 的 hacks,下面这种比较常见,兼容到 IE6以上

@mixin clearfix() {    &:before,    &:after {        content: "";        display: table;    }    &:after {        clear: both;    }}

使用

.container {  @include clearfix();}

When-inside

个人比较中意的 mixin,常用在修改元素在不同状态下的属性。比如我们的H5页面会给当前页面加个 active类名,我们想让当前页面中的 foo对象执行动画。

/// Make a context based selector a little more friendly/// @author Hugo Giraudel/// @param {String} $context@mixin when-inside($context) {  #{$context} & {    @content;  }}

使用

.foo {  @include when-inside('.active') {    animation: fadeIn 0.3s 1s forwards;  }}

产出

.active .foo { animation: fadeIn 0.3s 1s forwards; }

方便的媒体查询

媒体查询再做响应式网站时候,非常方便。如果下面的代码满足不了你的需求的话,那么推荐你看之前的文章 《使用Sass之更高级的媒体查询》

$breakpoints: (  'sm': 'only screen and  (min-width: 480px)',  'md': 'only screen and ( min-width: 768px)',  'lg': 'only screen and ( min-width: 992px)') !default;@mixin respond-to($breakpoint) {  $query: map-get($breakpoints, $breakpoint);    @if not $query {    @error 'No value found for `#{$breakpoint}`. Please make sure it is defined in `$breakpoints` map.';  }  @media #{if(type-of($query) == 'string', unquote($query), inspect($query))} {    @content;  }}

用法

.foo {  @include respond-to('sm') {    padding-left: 20px;    padding-right: 20px;  }}

产出

@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) {  .foo { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;  } }

长阴影

这个mixin可能不常用,但是效果真的很酷~

@function makelongshadow($color) {  $val: 0px 0px $color;  @for $i from 1 through 200 {    $val: #{$val}, #{$i}px #{$i}px #{$color};  }  @return $val;}@mixin longshadow($color) {  text-shadow: makelongshadow($color);}

使用

h1 {  @include longshadow(darken($color, 5% ));}

效果

See the Pen Long Shadow Sass Mixinby Helkyle ( @HelKyle) on CodePen.

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