Mixins 是 Sass (其实很多预处理语言都有) 中用来方便地复用代码的方法,你可以简单点理解成函数,返回的是一组 CSS 属性或代码。
@mixin border-radius($radius) { -webkit-border-radius: $radius; -moz-border-radius: $radius; -ms-border-radius: $radius; border-radius: $radius;}.box { @include border-radius(10px); }
上面的代码处理后,将得到下面 CSS 代码。
.box { -webkit-border-radius: 10px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -ms-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;}
如果你对 Sass 不熟悉,可以先去 学习一番,让我们进入主题,介绍几个实用的 mixins。
Absolute Position
如果你的页面中经常用到 absolute 定位,你可以试试下面这个:
@mixin abs-pos ($top: auto, $right: auto, $bottom: auto, $left: auto) { top: $top; right: $right; bottom: $bottom; left: $left; position: absolute;}
使用
.abs { @include abs-pos(10px, 10px, 5px, 15px);}
产出
.abs { top: 10px; right: 10px; bottom: 5px; left: 15px; position: absolute;}
带有优雅降级地使用 rem 单位
熟悉 rem 单位的前端er是否遇到过不支持的浏览器? 你如何解决的呢?下面这个 mixin 我们加上 px 单位作 fallback:
@function calculateRem($size: 16) { $remSize: $size / 16px; @return $remSize * 1rem;}@mixin font-size($size) { font-size: $size; font-size: calculateRem($size);}
使用
p { @include font-size(14px)}
产出
p { font-size: 14px; font-size: 0.8rem;}
Clearfix
网上有很多 clearfix 的 hacks,下面这种比较常见,兼容到 IE6以上
@mixin clearfix() { &:before, &:after { content: ""; display: table; } &:after { clear: both; }}
使用
.container { @include clearfix();}
When-inside
个人比较中意的 mixin,常用在修改元素在不同状态下的属性。比如我们的H5页面会给当前页面加个 active类名,我们想让当前页面中的 foo对象执行动画。
/// Make a context based selector a little more friendly/// @author Hugo Giraudel/// @param {String} $context@mixin when-inside($context) { #{$context} & { @content; }}
使用
.foo { @include when-inside('.active') { animation: fadeIn 0.3s 1s forwards; }}
产出
.active .foo { animation: fadeIn 0.3s 1s forwards; }
方便的媒体查询
媒体查询再做响应式网站时候,非常方便。如果下面的代码满足不了你的需求的话,那么推荐你看之前的文章 《使用Sass之更高级的媒体查询》
$breakpoints: ( 'sm': 'only screen and (min-width: 480px)', 'md': 'only screen and ( min-width: 768px)', 'lg': 'only screen and ( min-width: 992px)') !default;@mixin respond-to($breakpoint) { $query: map-get($breakpoints, $breakpoint); @if not $query { @error 'No value found for `#{$breakpoint}`. Please make sure it is defined in `$breakpoints` map.'; } @media #{if(type-of($query) == 'string', unquote($query), inspect($query))} { @content; }}
用法
.foo { @include respond-to('sm') { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }}
产出
@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) { .foo { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } }
长阴影
这个mixin可能不常用,但是效果真的很酷~
@function makelongshadow($color) { $val: 0px 0px $color; @for $i from 1 through 200 { $val: #{$val}, #{$i}px #{$i}px #{$color}; } @return $val;}@mixin longshadow($color) { text-shadow: makelongshadow($color);}
使用
h1 { @include longshadow(darken($color, 5% ));}
效果
See the Pen Long Shadow Sass Mixinby Helkyle ( @HelKyle) on CodePen.

The function of HTML is to define the structure and content of a web page, and its purpose is to provide a standardized way to display information. 1) HTML organizes various parts of the web page through tags and attributes, such as titles and paragraphs. 2) It supports the separation of content and performance and improves maintenance efficiency. 3) HTML is extensible, allowing custom tags to enhance SEO.

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The future of HTML is full of infinite possibilities. 1) New features and standards will include more semantic tags and the popularity of WebComponents. 2) The web design trend will continue to develop towards responsive and accessible design. 3) Performance optimization will improve the user experience through responsive image loading and lazy loading technologies.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: HTML is responsible for content structure, CSS is responsible for style, and JavaScript is responsible for dynamic behavior. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and content through tags to ensure semantics. 2. CSS controls the web page style through selectors and attributes to make it beautiful and easy to read. 3. JavaScript controls web page behavior through scripts to achieve dynamic and interactive functions.

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HTML is the cornerstone of building web page structure. 1. HTML defines the content structure and semantics, and uses, etc. tags. 2. Provide semantic markers, such as, etc., to improve SEO effect. 3. To realize user interaction through tags, pay attention to form verification. 4. Use advanced elements such as, combined with JavaScript to achieve dynamic effects. 5. Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values, and verification tools are required. 6. Optimization strategies include reducing HTTP requests, compressing HTML, using semantic tags, etc.

HTML is a language used to build web pages, defining web page structure and content through tags and attributes. 1) HTML organizes document structure through tags, such as,. 2) The browser parses HTML to build the DOM and renders the web page. 3) New features of HTML5, such as, enhance multimedia functions. 4) Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values. 5) Optimization suggestions include using semantic tags and reducing file size.


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