1、网页布局
布局（layout）即对事物的全面规划和安排，页面布局是对页面的文字、图像或表格进行格式化版式排列。网页布局对改善网站的外观非常重要，又称版式布局，大多数网站会把内容安排到多个列中，就像杂志或报纸那样，网页版面的设计延续了传统纸媒的特点，但又比传统的纸媒更灵活，传统的纸媒由于纸张大小的限制，只能在有限的空间内排列内容，而网页版面的布局，可以根据内容自适应宽度和高度。在 HTML 中，常使用 div 元素来创建多列，使用 CSS 对元素进行浮动、定位等，从而将网页设计稿中的布局样式呈现在网页上。网页布局是网页制作的基础，通常使用的方式有三中：流式布局，即元素按照标准文档流进行排列；浮动布局和绝对定位布局。而在各大网站中，常见的布局结构分为：一列布局，两列布局，三列布局和混合布局，其中使用最多的是混合布局，即按照网站的实际需求使用多列进行布局。
目前，大多数的网站仍采用一套通用的排版模式，页头、页脚、侧边栏和内容区域，构成了这种直截了当的布局。就像传统的报刊杂志编辑一样，而这是人们预期中的网页版面，大致可分为：国字型，即三列布局，最常见的一种布局结构。标题正文型，即单列布局，类似文章页面。左右框架型，即两列布局；上下框架型，和两列布局类似，只不过是上下结构。混合型，即多列布局的结合，多种类型的变化，相对复杂的一种框架结构，也叫综合框架类型。封面型，常用于网站的首页，大多数在第一屏放置一张精美的图片，类似宣传海报的样式，再结合一些小的动画效果，可用于产品的展示，会给人带来赏心悦目的感觉。
随着 HTML5 和 CSS3 新技术的出现，以及移动设备的飞速发展，互联网发生了翻天覆地的变化，对于如今来说，布局已不必再拘泥于固定格式。近些年网页排版设计的趋势，都是非常规布局，他们并不严格遵循某种准则或既定体系。视觉交互方面的，比如全屏布局，瀑布流，无缝拼图布局等，这些都不局限于传统的布局方式。而对于传统类的，信息类的网站大多都采用单列，两列或三列布局，还有混合布局结构。页面的布局结构会直接影响页面的用户体验，比如很受欢迎的卡片式网页设计，不仅外观漂亮，而且具有很强的实用性，信息和内容高度整合，却又如此简单优雅。卡片式设计的流行，离不开响应式设计，响应式网页设计不仅是创建一个移动端站点，而是使网站适用于各种浏览器尺寸，不论是 PC 端、平板还是智能手机，响应式设计的目的，就是创建一个不论大小尺寸都美观的网站。
下面是平时在做练习时，发现的几个不错的网页版面设计：QQ浏览器，360浏览器，小米手机展示页，坚果手机展示页，花瓣网。
相对于国内网站的布局结构，还是要多欣赏一些国外的网站设计。
2、一列布局
一列布局多用于网站的首页，比如360搜索，一列布局的结构简洁明了，主题突出，适合排列简单的内容，不适合多行内容，通常一列布局都是固定宽度的。
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>一列布局</title> 6 <style> 7 *{margin:0;padding:0;} 8 #header{ 9 height:50px;10 background:blue;11 }12 #main{13 width:960px;14 height:800px; /* 在实际开发中不设置列的高度，让高度自适应。 */15 background:green;16 margin:0 auto;17 }18 #footer{19 width:960px;20 height:100px;21 background:gray;22 margin:0 auto;23 }24 </style>25 </head>26 <body>27 <div id="header">页头</div>28 <div id="main">主体内容</div>29 <div id="footer">页脚</div>30 </body>31 </html> 新浪和网易的首页，就使用了一列布局。
3、单列宽度自适应布局
要想宽度自适应，只需要按照百分比来设置宽度，内容就可以根据浏览器窗口自动调节大小。
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>一列自适应布局</title> 6 <style> 7 *{margin:0;padding:0;} 8 #header{ 9 height:50px;10 background:blue;11 }12 #main{13 width:80%;14 height:800px; /* 在实际开发中不设置列的高度，让高度自适应。 */15 background:green;16 margin:0 auto;17 }18 #footer{19 width:80%;20 height:50px;21 background:gray;22 margin:0 auto;23 }24 </style>25 </head>26 <body>27 <div id="header">页头</div>28 <div id="main">主体内容</div>29 <div id="footer">页脚</div>30 </body>31 </html> 4、自适应单列布局
这种布局结构比较适合密集型内容的网站。
1 <!DOCTYPE HTML> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8" /> 5 <title>单列布局</title> 6 <style> 7 *{margin:0;padding:0;} 8 #wrap{ 9 width:80%;10 margin:0 auto;11 border:2px solid black;12 }13 #header{14 width:100%;15 height:100px;16 background:blue;17 margin-bottom:10px;18 }19 #main{20 width:100%;21 margin-bottom:10px;22 }23 #main .content{24 height:500px; /* 在实际开发中不设置列的高度，让高度自适应。 */25 background:yellow;26 }27 #footer{28 width:100%;29 height:100px;30 background:gray;31 }32 </style>33 <body>34 <div id="wrap">35 <div id="header">页头</div>36 <div id="main">主体37 <div class="content">内容</div>38 </div>39 <div id="footer">页脚</div>40 </div>41 </body>42 </html>
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