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HomeWeb Front-endHTML Tutorial后端程序员前端之路06布局模型,颜色值,长度值_html/css_WEB-ITnose

目录

  • 布局模型
  • 流动模型(Flow)
  • 浮动模型 (Float)
  • 层模型(Layer)
  • 颜色值
  • 长度值
  •  一、布局模型

           网页布局模型:个人理解,就是对html中各个元素进行一个排列。而排列的方法可以分为三种:流动模型、浮动模型、层模型。

    二、流动模型

          这是网页默认情况的布局模式。

          特征:

    1. 块状元素都会在所处的包含元素内自上而下按顺序垂直延伸分布,因为在默认状态下,块状元素的宽度都为100%。(独占一行)
    2. 内联元素都会在所处的包含元素内从左到右水平分布显示。(跟其他行内元素处于同一行)

    三、浮动模型

          用来解决块级元素的霸道特征,比如想让两个块级元素处于同一行,就可以使用浮动模型;

          具体表现形式:可以用css的float属性,来控制元素浮动。

    四、层模型

           类似photoshop中的图层编辑功能一样,让每个html元素能够在网页中精确定位。

          具体操作:用css的position属性来支持层模型。

          层模型有三种形式:

          1、绝对定位(position: absolute)

                将元素从文档流中拖出来,然后使用left、right、top、bottom属性相对于其最接近的一个具有定位属性父包含块进行定位。

                如果不存在这样的包含块,则相对于body元素,即相对于浏览器窗口。             

           2、相对定位(position:relative)

                相对于之前的位置进行偏移。移动的方向和幅度由left、right、top、bottom属性确定,偏移前的位置保留不动。 

           3、固定定位(position: fixed)

                和absolute类似,不过他是相对于视图本身(屏幕内的网页窗口)。由于视图本身是固定的,它不会随浏览器窗口的滚动条滚动而变化,

                除非你在屏幕中移动浏览器窗口的屏幕位置,或改变浏览器窗口的显示大小

                因此固定定位的元素会始终位于浏览器窗口内视图的某个位置,不会受文档流动影响。

           4、absolute和relative的组合使用

                回顾上面 absolute的关键点:1、参照物:它的父元素   2、并且参照物必须是定位元素。

                relative的关键点:1、参照物:自己本身

                所以如果需要将子元素相对父元素绝对定位时,就可以利用relative将父元素变为定位元素,子元素使用absolute,就可以进行绝对定位了。

     五、颜色值

          在网页中的颜色设置是非常重要,有字体颜色(color)、背景颜色(background-color)、边框颜色(border)等,设置颜色的方法也有很多种:

          1、英文命令颜色

              比如:p{color:red;} 将颜色设置为红色。   

          2、RGB颜色          

               这个与 photoshop中的RGB颜色是一致的,由R(red)、G(green)、B(blue) 三种颜色的比例来配色。

     p{color:rgb(133,45,200);}

              每一项的值可以是 0~255 之间的整数,也可以是 0%~100% 的百分数。如:

     p{color:rgb(20%,33%,25%);}

         3、十六进制颜色

             这种颜色设置方法是现在比较普遍使用的方法,其原理其实也是RGB设置,但是其每一项的值由 0-255 变成了十六进制00-ff。         

       

         p{color:#00ffff;}

       
    <strong>六、长度值</strong><br /> 目前比较常用到px(像素)、em、% 百分比,要注意其实这三种单位都是相对单位。  <br /> 1、像素<br />       像素指的是显示器上的小点(CSS规范中假设“90像素=1英寸”)。实际情况是浏览器会使用显示器的实际像素值有关,在目前大多数的设计者都倾向于使用像素(px)作为单位。<br />    2、em<br />      就是本元素给定字体的 font-size 值,如果元素的 font-size 为 14px ,那么 1em = 14px;如果 font-size 为 18px,那么 1em = 18px。如下代码:

    p{font-size:12px;text-indent:2em;}

             上面代码就是可以实现段落首行缩进 24px(也就是两个字体大小的距离)。

             特殊情况:当给 font-size 设置单位为 em 时,此时计算的标准以 它的父元素的 font-size 为基础。

             3、百分比          

    p{font-size:12px;line-height:130%}

            设置行高(行间距)为字体的130%(12 * 1.3 = 15.6px)。

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