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关于盒模型的理解_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 24, 2016 am 11:22 AM

CSS中一个很重要的概念是盒模型，CSS处理网页时，它认为每个元素都包含在一个不可见的盒子里

由内容区域、内容区域周围的空间（内边距，padding）、内边距的外边缘（边框，border）和边框外面将元素与相邻元素隔开的不可见区域（外边距，margin）构成。具体如下图

浏览器中元素的宽度与其width属性值并不一致（除非没有内边距和边框）。CSS中的宽度指示的是内边距里内容区域的宽度，而在浏览器中显示宽度则是内容宽度、左右内边距和左右边框的总和，显示高度与之类似。

当使用了box-sizing:border-box;则元素的显示宽度就等于width属性的值。内容宽度、内边距和边框都包含在里面。如下图

看起来似乎是CSS设置的宽度变大了，但其实，更改的并不是CSS，改变的是浏览器对于宽度的计算，我们来看一个例子：

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <title>Test</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/test.css"></head><body>    <div class="box"></div></body></html>

.box{    border: 20px solid rgb(255,189,200);    padding: 20px;    height: 100px;    width: 100px;    background: rgb(160,197,232);}

效果：

宽度和高度都为180px，即20+20+100+20+20 = 180px，而内容区域一样是100px，加上box-sizing:border-box之后：

宽度和高度为100px，而内容区域只剩下20px，即100 - 20 - 20 - 20 - 20 = 20px

即当加上box-sizing:border-box之后，浏览器对于CSS中设置的width的计算方式变成了：border-left + padding-left + content + padding-right + border-right的总宽度，对于height的计算变成了：border-top + padding-top + content + padding-bottom + border-bottom的总高度

关于盒模型中border的应用：

制作小三角形：

最终效果：

示例：

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <title>Test</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/test.css"></head><body>    <div class="box"></div></body></html>

.box{    border: 100px solid rgb(255,189,200);/* 使用:after伪类的时候可以不添加solid，使用content的内容可保证小三角出现 */    border-top-color: #333;    border-left-color: #7fc;    border-bottom-color: #f4c;    height: 0px;    width: 0px;}

解释：

盒模型中，margin，border，padding都可以分成上、下、左、右四个部分，都可以进行分别控制，而当我们把padding和content的大小都设为0，而border给定宽度时，将会出现如上图所示的图形。我们也可以试试给定padding和content部分空间时的形态：

.box{    border: 100px solid rgb(255,189,200);    border-top-color: #333;    border-left-color: #7fc;    border-bottom-color: #f4c;    padding: 20px;               /* 给予padding部分空间 */    height: 20px;                    /* 给予content部分空间 */    width: 20px;}

效果：

简单应用：

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <title>Test</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/test.css"></head><body>    <div class="box">        <ul>            <li>Item 1</li>            <li>Item 2</li>            <li>Item 3</li>        </ul>    </div></body></html>

.box{    background: #2b2b2b;    border-radius: 5px 5px;    padding: .5em 0 .9375em .9375em;    position: absolute;    width: 222px;}.box:after{    border: solid transparent;    border-top-color: #2b2b2b;    border-width: 15px;    content: " ";    height: 0;    left: 50%;    margin-left: -15px;    position: absolute;    top: 99.9%;    width: 0;}li{    color: white;}

效果：

以上只是个人粗浅理解，有啥问题，大家可以提出，一起探讨！

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