前面的话
实际上，html5并不是由w3c直接制定的，w3c的方向是xhtml2，而不是html5。当xhtml2脱离现实，无法付诸实践时，w3c工作组才将研究方向转向html5。为什么xhtml2从未落到实处？因为它违反了一条设计原理，这条设计原理就是著名的伯斯塔尔法则——发送时要保守；接收时要开放。而在html5设计过程中遵循了一系列原则，才使得html5得以快速推广。本文将介绍html5遵循的6个设计原则
原则一：避免不必要的复杂性
html4
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C/DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
html5
<!DOCTYPE html>
html4
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
html5
<meta charset="utf-8">
原则二：支持已有的内容
以下四段代码，在xhtml中只有第一段是正确的；而在html5中，所有的都是正确的
<img src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="foo" class="lazy" alt="bar" /><p class="foo">Hello world</p> <img src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="foo" class="lazy" alt="bar"><p class="foo">Hello world <img src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="foo" class="lazy" ALT="bar" alt="html5遵循的6个设计原则_html/css_WEB-ITnose" ><P CLASS="foo">Hello world</P> <img src=foo alt=bar><p class=foo>Hello world</p>
原则三：解决现实的问题
在html4中，即使两个块级元素元素有相同的链接地址，也必须分开写，因为内联元素不能包含块级元素
<h2 id="a-href-path-to-resource-Headline-text-a"><a href="/path/to/resource">Headline text</a></h2><p><a href="/path/to/resource">Paragraph text.</a></p>
而在html5中，由于使用了内容模型，元素也可以包含块级元素
<a href="/path/to/resource"> <h2 id="Headline-text">Headline text</h2> <p>Paragraph text.</p></a>
原则四：求真务实
html5新增了多个元素，其中包括：section、article、aside和nav，它们代表了一种新的内容模型——给内容分区。以前人们一直都在用div来组织页面中的内容，但与其他类似的元素一样，div本身并没有语义。但section、article、aside和nav实际上是在明确地告诉你——这一块就像文档中的另一个文档一样。位于这些元素中的任何内容，都可以拥有自己的概要、标题，自己的脚部。
原则五：平稳退化
浏览器在遇到不识别的type值时，会将type的值解释为text
input type="number"input type="search"input type="range"input type="email"input type="date"input type="url"
原则六：最终用户优先
一旦遇到冲突，最终用户优先，其次是作者，其次是实现者，其次标准制定者，最后才是理论上的完满。
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