学习要点:
1.新版本
主讲教师:李炎恢
本章主要探讨 HTML5 中 CSS3 提供的用来实现未来响应式弹性伸缩布局方案,这里做一个初步的了解。
一.新版本
新版本的 Flexbox 模型是 2012 年 9 月提出的工作草案,这个草案是由 W3C 推出的最新语法。这个版本立志于指定标准,让新式的浏览器全面兼容,在未来浏览器的更新换代中实现了统一。
首先,设置伸缩盒的 display 有如下两个属性值:
属性值 | 说明 |
flex | 将容器盒模型作为块级弹性伸缩盒显示(新版本) |
inline-flex | 将容器盒模型作为内联级弹性伸缩盒显示(新版本) |
//大部分不需要前缀
div { display: flex;}
属性 | IE | Firefox | Chrome | Opera | Safari |
带前缀 | 无 | 无 | 21 ~ 28 | 无 | 7.0 |
不带前缀 | 11+ | 20+ | 29+ | 12.1 | 无 |
从这张表可以看出,只有 webkit 引擎的浏览器 Chrome 和 Safari 的版本需要添加-webkit-,而 Chrome 浏览器 29 版本以后可以省略了。
1.flex-direction
flex-direction 属性和旧版本 box-orient 属性一样,都是设置伸缩项目的排列方式。
//设置从上往下排列
div { flex-direction: column;}
属性值 | 说明 |
row | 设置从左到右排列 |
row-reverse | 设置从右到左排列 |
column | 设置从上到下排列 |
column-reverse | 设置从下到上排列 |
2.flex-wrap
flex-wrap 属性类似与旧版本中的 box-lines,但是 box-lines 我们没有讲解,原因是没有浏览器支持它。
//设置无法容纳时,自动换行
div { -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;}
属性值 | 说明 |
nowrap | 默认值,都在一行或一列显示 |
wrap | 伸缩项目无法容纳时,自动换行 |
wrap-reverse | 伸缩项目无法容纳时,自动换行,方向和 wrap 相反 |
3.flex-flow
flex-flow 属性是集合了排列方向和控制换行的简写形式。
//简写形式
div { flex-flow: row wrap;}
4.justify-content
justify-content 属性和旧版本中的 box-pack 一样,设置伸缩项目的对其方式。
//按照中心点对齐
div { justify-content: space-around;}
属性值 | 说明 |
flex-start | 伸缩项目以起始点靠齐 |
flex-end | 伸缩项目以结束点靠齐 |
center | 伸缩项目以中心点靠齐 |
space-between | 伸缩项目平局分布 |
space-around | 同上,但两端保留一半的空间 |
5.align-items
align-items 属性和旧版本中的 box-align 一样,处理伸缩项目容器的额外空间。
//处理额外空间
div { align-itmes: center;}
属性值 | 说明 |
flex-start | 伸缩项目以顶部为基准,清理下部额外空间 |
flex-end | 伸缩项目以底部为基准,清理上部额外空间 |
center | 伸缩项目以中部为基准,平均清理上下部额外空间 |
baseline | 伸缩项目以基线为基准,清理额外的空间 |
stretch | 伸缩项目填充整个容器,默认 |
6.align-self
align-self 和 align-items 一样,都是清理额外空间,但它是单独设置某一个伸缩项目的。所有的值和 align-itmes 一致。
//单独设置清理额外空间
p:nth-child(2) { align-self: center;}
7.flex
flex 属性和旧版本中的 box-flex 类似,用来控制伸缩容器的比例分配。
//设置比例分配
p:nth-child(1) { flex: 1;}p:nth-child(2) { flex: 3;}p:nth-child(3) { flex: 1;}
8.order
order 属性和 box-ordinal-group 属性一样控制伸缩项目出现的顺序。
//设置伸缩项目顺序
p:nth-child(1) { order: 2;}p:nth-child(2) { order: 3;}p:nth-child(3) { order: 1;}

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: 1. HTML is used to build web page structure; 2. CSS is used to beautify the appearance of web pages; 3. JavaScript is used to achieve dynamic interaction. Through tags, styles and scripts, these three together build the core functions of modern web pages.

Setting the lang attributes of a tag is a key step in optimizing web accessibility and SEO. 1) Set the lang attribute in the tag, such as. 2) In multilingual content, set lang attributes for different language parts, such as. 3) Use language codes that comply with ISO639-1 standards, such as "en", "fr", "zh", etc. Correctly setting the lang attribute can improve the accessibility of web pages and search engine rankings.

HTMLattributesareessentialforenhancingwebelements'functionalityandappearance.Theyaddinformationtodefinebehavior,appearance,andinteraction,makingwebsitesinteractive,responsive,andvisuallyappealing.Attributeslikesrc,href,class,type,anddisabledtransform

TocreatealistinHTML,useforunorderedlistsandfororderedlists:1)Forunorderedlists,wrapitemsinanduseforeachitem,renderingasabulletedlist.2)Fororderedlists,useandfornumberedlists,customizablewiththetypeattributefordifferentnumberingstyles.

HTML is used to build websites with clear structure. 1) Use tags such as, and define the website structure. 2) Examples show the structure of blogs and e-commerce websites. 3) Avoid common mistakes such as incorrect label nesting. 4) Optimize performance by reducing HTTP requests and using semantic tags.

ToinsertanimageintoanHTMLpage,usethetagwithsrcandaltattributes.1)UsealttextforaccessibilityandSEO.2)Implementsrcsetforresponsiveimages.3)Applylazyloadingwithloading="lazy"tooptimizeperformance.4)OptimizeimagesusingtoolslikeImageOptimtoreduc

The core purpose of HTML is to enable the browser to understand and display web content. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and content through tags, such as, to, etc. 2. HTML5 enhances multimedia support and introduces and tags. 3.HTML provides form elements to support user interaction. 4. Optimizing HTML code can improve web page performance, such as reducing HTTP requests and compressing HTML.

HTMLtagsareessentialforwebdevelopmentastheystructureandenhancewebpages.1)Theydefinelayout,semantics,andinteractivity.2)SemantictagsimproveaccessibilityandSEO.3)Properuseoftagscanoptimizeperformanceandensurecross-browsercompatibility.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version
