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HomeWeb Front-endHTML TutorialPrint Css控制打印效果_html/css_WEB-ITnose

不经过任何处理而直接打印网站上的页面会得到一个不理想的效果。显示器(screen)和打印机(printer)是两种差别很大的设备,所以从浏览器里看到的页面,打印出来也许和你看到的样子有很大的差距。因此如果要精确的控制打印效果就应该使用print css。接下来,我们来先了解一些语法。

语法

@media

  • 描述: @media用于指定的设备类型使用不同的样式。
  • 语法:@media sMedia { sRules }
  • 说明:sMedia:设备类型,sRules:样式表定义
  • 兼容性:IE5+(这里只是指CSS2,C33@media的功能更加强大,但是只有IE9+支持)
设备类型 CSS版本 兼容性 简介
all CSS2 IE4+ 用于所有设备类型
aural CSS2 NONE 用于语音和音乐合成器
braille CSS2 NONE 用于触觉反馈设备
embossed CSS2 NONE 用于凸点字符(盲文)印刷设备
handheld CSS2 NONE 用于小型或手提设备
print CSS2 IE4+ 用于打印机
projection CSS2 NONE 用于投影图像,如幻灯片
screen CSS2 IE4+ 用于计算机显示器
tty CSS2 NONE 用于使用固定间距字符格的设备。如电传打字机和终端
tv CSS2 NONE 用于电视类设备

@page

  • 描述: 用于指定打印页面的一些属性,包括纸张尺寸,方向,页边距,分页等特性。
  • 语法:@page { sRules }
  • 说明::页面标识符 :打印伪类:first, :left, :right
  • 兼容性:IE6+

使用

重新针对打印写CSS样式是没有必要的,我们只需要针对差异设置打印的样式覆盖掉之前的默认样式。

// 设置显示器用字体尺寸@media screen {body {font-size:12pt; }}// 设置打印机用字体尺寸@media print {body {font-size:8pt;}}

像素单位

在编写打印样式表的时候,你要注意要使用厘米或者英寸作为单位而不是屏幕像素单位,实际的单位对打印非常有用。常见的DPI(Dot Per Inch)为96的screen,px与cm的换算关系如下:

  • 1 inch = 2.54 cm

  • 1cm = 96/2.54 ≈ 37.80 px

  • 1px = 2.54/96 ≈ 0.0265 cm

  • 100px = 2.65 cm

A4纸的标准尺寸为:

  • 21.0cm * 29.7 cm

在96DPI分辨率下,其对应的像素尺寸大约为:

  • 794px * 1123px

页边距

为了保证打印样式有用,写CSS样式使打印的内容距离纸张边缘,看起来更好,需要使用 @page 这个语法:

@media print {   @page {      margin: 2cm;   }}

换页打印

  • 为了保证不被跨页打印,如防止一个标题和内容在页面底部被分开:

h2, h3 { page-break-after: avoid; }

  • 确保 articles 文章标签的内容能在新的一页开始:

article {   page-break-before: always;}

  • 防止列表和图片分开在不同的页:

ul, img {   page-break-inside: avoid;}

  • 属性介绍
属性 描述 CSS
page-break-after 设置元素后的分页行为 2
page-break-before 设置元素前的分页行为 2
page-break-inside 设置元素内部的分页行为 2
描述
auto 默认。如果必要则在元素后插入分页符。
always 在元素后插入分页符。在遇到特定的组件时,打印机会重新开始一个新的打印页
avoid 避免在元素后插入分页符。
left 在元素之后足够的分页符,一直到一张空白的左页为止。
right 在元素之后足够的分页符,一直到一张空白的右页为止。
inherit 规定应该从父元素继承 page-break-after 属性的设置。

背景图片和颜色

如果用户是在 webkit 内核浏览器上打印的话,我们可以强制打印机打印屏幕上所看到的颜色(即强制在打印页面上出现任何的背景图和颜色),一般来说彩色打印机可以做到这点,我们需要一个单独的媒体查询:

@media print and (color) {   * {      -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;      print-color-adjust: exact;   }}

注意:在firefox opera 和IE,不能使用背景图和颜色。

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