E:first-child解释:E的父元素的第一个子元素正好是E,给这个E定义样式
E:last-child解释:E的父元素的最后一个子元素正好是E,给这个E定义样式
E:only-child解释:E的父元素只有一个子元素,这个正好是E,给这个E定义样式
E:empty解释:E元素没有子元素和文本内容,给这个E定义样式
例子:只要E元素是它的父级的第一个子元素,就选中。它需要同时满足两个条件,一个是“第一个子元素”,另一个是“这个子元素刚好是E”。
<style>span:first-child{color: red;}p:first-child{color: blue;} /*p元素的父元素的第一个子元素是div而不是p元素,因此该样式不起作用*/i:first-child{color: orange;}</style><div class="demo"><div>.demo的第一个子元素是div</div><!--第一个span元素是它的父级P元素的第一个span,颜色变红色--><p><span>第一个span</span>第一个段落P<span>第二个span</span></p><!--第一个i元素是它的父级a元素的第一个i,颜色变橙色--><p>一个链接<i>第一个i元素</i></p><!--第二个i元素是它的父级a元素的第一个i,颜色变橙色--><p>一个链接<i>第二个i元素</i></p><p>一个链接</p></div>

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