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HomeWeb Front-endHTML TutorialWeb 前端性能优化概要_html/css_WEB-ITnose

优化方向

  • 页面加载速度。
  • 代码运行速度。

优化的方法

  1. 指定优化目标。目标需要是具体的,可度量的。比如,在 50Kb 每秒的网络环境下,加载首屏所用时间少于 2 秒。
  2. 从大头去优化。如果提高页面加载速度,考虑优化加载时间最长的资源。如果要提高代码运行速度,考虑优化最耗时的操作。
  3. 制定和实施优化策略。
  4. 验证。

提升页面加载速度

  • HTTP 的缓存。
    • 强缓存。
    • 协商缓存。
  • 减少 HTTP 发送内容的大小。
    • 服务器端启用压缩服务,如用 gzip。
    • 文件内容的压缩。
    • 删除无用的代码。
    • 用没有 Cookie 的域来放静态资源。
    • 选择合适的图片格式。考虑用 Webp 格式的图片。
  • 减少 HTTP 数量。
    • 多个资源文件合并一个。JS,CSS,图片(小图标可以用图片精灵 或 图标字体)。
    • 首屏的一些 CSS 可以考虑内联。
    • 体积比较小的图片可以考虑内联。
    • 避免空的 src 和 href。
  • 提升资源下载速度。
    • 使用 CDN。
    • 无阻塞加载 Script。
  • 减少 DNS 查找时间。
    • 减少域名数量。
  • 避免重定向。
  • 其他。
    • CSS 写在 中,JS 写在 前。

提升代码运行速度

JS

  • 优化耗时的循环。
  • 缓存一些耗性能的中间结果。
  • 将耗时的任务交给 worker 来做。
  • 防止内存泄漏。
  • 算法改进。

CSS

  • 如果需要动态更改CSS样式,尽量采用触发 reflow 次数较少的方式。
  • 选择器优化。
  • 避免使用 CSS 表达式。

HTML

  • 尽量不要用 iframe。
  • 减少 DOM 数量。

工具

  • YSlow 分析网站,提出提升网站性能的建议。
  • 阿里测 网站在不同地区的访问情况。
  • Chrome 开发工具中的 Profiles 和 Timeline。
  • jsPerf JS 执行效率测试。
  • Benchmark.js 同 jsPerf。

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