PHP与UML类图: PHP and UML Class Diagrams
2007-11-01 22:51
这篇短文写的不错,用PHP来解释UML(或者反过来说)可以说是一个创新了,通过这篇文章,我也发现了一个好站: www.phppatterns.com 。各UML术语的翻译来源于我正在看的《UML用户指南(The Unified Modeling Language User Guide)》一书。 <?php class Senior { } class Junior extends Senior { } ?> UML方式表示如下: 请注意,三角形在父类这边。 [Associations 关联关系] 关联关系(Associations)发生于两个不存在关系但也许需要互相访问的类之间,比如Model(模型)和View(视图),View需要Model提供数据以进行显示。有几种不同的关联类型: *Aggregation* 聚合 聚合(Aggregation)是当一个类(下面例子为Model)访问另一个类(下面例子为Dao)时,第二个类(Dao)也许已经被外部实例化($dao)了 。如果第一个对象($model)“挂了”,第二个对象($dao)仍然会继续“活着”。这在涉及数据访问对象(data access objects)时很常见,它们也许会被传递给很多对象,这些对象就算“挂了”数据访问对象也依然“健在”。 这种方式正常地解释了第一个类(Model)控制第二个类(Dao)的一部分。 举个例子: <?php class Dao { function getSomething() { } } class Model { var $dao; function Model (& $dao) { $this->dao=& $dao; } function doSomething () { $this->dao->getSomething(); } } $dao=new Dao; $model=new Model($dao); $model->doSomething(); ?> 在UML中表示为: 空心菱形在控制类这边。 *Composition* 组合 组合(Composition)发生于当于一个类(例子中为View)将另一个类(例子中为LinkWidget)实例化,这样当前者(View)“挂了”时后者()也跟着“玩完”的情况。 换句话说,第一个类控制了第二个类的全部。 下面是PHP中的一个例子: <?php class LinkWidget { function Display () { } } class View { var $linkWidget; var $page; function View () { $this->linkWidget=new LinkWidget; } function renderPage () { $this->page=$this->linkWidget->display() } } ?> 在UML中用下图表示: 实心菱形在控制类这边。 [Messages 消息] 消息(Messages)发生于一个类(例子中为View)同其它类(例子中为HtmlUtils)“交流”而不控制它(HtmlUtils)的实例的时候。这些类之间的关系同样是关联关系(association)。 在PHP中通常发生于操作符 :: 使用的时候。例如: 译注: 我觉得这种方式类似于C++中HtmlUtils类中的成员函数unHtmlEntities()为static的情况,这样就无需实例化HtmlUtils就可以直接通过"类名::成员函数名"的方式(HtmlUtils::unHtmlEntities())来调用了。 <?php class HtmlUtils { function unHtmlEntities ($str) { $trans_tbl = get_html_translation_table (HTML_ENTITIES); $trans_tbl = array_flip ($trans_tbl); return strtr ($str, $trans_tbl); } } class View { function renderPage { $text=HtmlUtils::unHtmlEntities($text); } } ?> 这将表示为: 该消息从View发给HtmlUtils.(单向发送) 同样,消息也可以双向发送。 <?php class Debug { function display () { echo ($this->errorMsg); } } class SomeClass { var $errorMsg='This is an error message'; function someFunction () { if ( DEBUG == 1 ) { Debug::display(); } } } define ('DEBUG',1); $someClass= &new SomeClass; $someClass->someFunction(); ?> [输出信息: "This is an error message"] 这里 SomeClass 发送一个消息给 Debug,Debug 访问了SomeClass 的 $errorMsg 属性。 |

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