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PHP与UML类图: PHP and UML Class Diagrams

2007-11-01 22:51

这篇短文写的不错,用PHP来解释UML(或者反过来说)可以说是一个创新了,通过这篇文章,我也发现了一个好站: www.phppatterns.com 。各UML术语的翻译来源于我正在看的《UML用户指南(The Unified Modeling Language User Guide)》一书。

UML(Unified Modeling Language, 统一建模语言)是一种通过图的方式表示软件的机制。本质上它允许我们通过画图来设计我们的程序,并且如果有相应的工具,我们甚至可以从图来直接产生代码。在这篇文章里,我们将来看看PHP代码如何通过使用UML类图(class diagram)的方式表现出来。

我们将直接开始,假设你已经具备了UML的知识,并列举一些PHP代码和它们对应的UML表示作为例子??但这并不是对类图的一个完整的分析。

如果你尚未接触过UML,在你开始阅读前可以补充一些知识,我们收集了一些资源列在这篇文章的末尾。

[Inheritance 继承关系]

PHP关键字extends允许一个类(子类)继承于另一个类(父类)。

<?php            class Senior {            }            class Junior extends Senior {            }            ?>


UML方式表示如下:




请注意,三角形在父类这边。

[Associations 关联关系]
关联关系(Associations)发生于两个不存在关系但也许需要互相访问的类之间,比如Model(模型)和View(视图),View需要Model提供数据以进行显示。有几种不同的关联类型:

*Aggregation* 聚合

聚合(Aggregation)是当一个类(下面例子为Model)访问另一个类(下面例子为Dao)时,第二个类(Dao)也许已经被外部实例化($dao)了 。如果第一个对象($model)“挂了”,第二个对象($dao)仍然会继续“活着”。这在涉及数据访问对象(data access objects)时很常见,它们也许会被传递给很多对象,这些对象就算“挂了”数据访问对象也依然“健在”。

这种方式正常地解释了第一个类(Model)控制第二个类(Dao)的一部分。

举个例子:

<?php            class Dao {            function getSomething() {            }            }            class Model {            var $dao;            function Model (& $dao) {            $this->dao=& $dao;            }            function doSomething () {            $this->dao->getSomething();            }            }            $dao=new Dao;            $model=new Model($dao);            $model->doSomething();            ?>


在UML中表示为:




空心菱形在控制类这边。


*Composition* 组合

组合(Composition)发生于当于一个类(例子中为View)将另一个类(例子中为LinkWidget)实例化,这样当前者(View)“挂了”时后者()也跟着“玩完”的情况。

换句话说,第一个类控制了第二个类的全部。
下面是PHP中的一个例子:

<?php            class LinkWidget {            function Display () {            }            }            class View {            var $linkWidget;            var $page;            function View () {            $this->linkWidget=new LinkWidget;            }            function renderPage () {            $this->page=$this->linkWidget->display()            }            }            ?>


在UML中用下图表示:




实心菱形在控制类这边。


[Messages 消息]

消息(Messages)发生于一个类(例子中为View)同其它类(例子中为HtmlUtils)“交流”而不控制它(HtmlUtils)的实例的时候。这些类之间的关系同样是关联关系(association)。

在PHP中通常发生于操作符 :: 使用的时候。例如:

译注: 我觉得这种方式类似于C++中HtmlUtils类中的成员函数unHtmlEntities()为static的情况,这样就无需实例化HtmlUtils就可以直接通过"类名::成员函数名"的方式(HtmlUtils::unHtmlEntities())来调用了。

<?php            class HtmlUtils {            function unHtmlEntities ($str) {            $trans_tbl = get_html_translation_table (HTML_ENTITIES);            $trans_tbl = array_flip ($trans_tbl);            return strtr ($str, $trans_tbl);            }            }            class View {            function renderPage {            $text=HtmlUtils::unHtmlEntities($text);            }            }            ?>



这将表示为:



该消息从View发给HtmlUtils.(单向发送)

同样,消息也可以双向发送。

<?php            class Debug {            function display () {            echo ($this->errorMsg);            }            }            class SomeClass {            var $errorMsg='This is an error message';            function someFunction () {            if ( DEBUG == 1 ) {            Debug::display();            }            }            }            define ('DEBUG',1);            $someClass= &new SomeClass;            $someClass->someFunction();            ?>





[输出信息: "This is an error message"]

这里 SomeClass 发送一个消息给 Debug,Debug 访问了SomeClass 的 $errorMsg 属性。

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